Statistical Methods in Economics and Business Essay

Statistical Methods in Economics and Business - Essay Example A standard made by the institution. Now the conductors of the study have thought of using British Studies Program to see whether or not students will excel in the said aspect. Students form 10 institutions have attended to participate in the study and together with them, the faculty gets to supervise and coordinate with what are being offered by the Program. As a brief background of the British Studies Program, it offers business courses such as accounting and economics and non - business courses like the Legend of King Arthur and the Geography of Great Britain. The objective of the program regarding the study is that students are to be: As what can be observed from the design formulated form the study, we can clearly and able to see the changes or improvements made by the subject students so we can say that it is an appropriate design. A very systematic approach to the study and almost no subjectivity involved. At the beginning, those who conduct the study, of course, hypothesized that the program gives some significant positive effect on the students, but in conforming with technicality of using statistics to assess the subject to see any progress made, they just gave a hypothesis th

FMC Aberdeen Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FMC Aberdeen Organizational Behavior - Essay Example The major issue in the structure of Green River hampering growth and affecting profitability is its authoritative management, bureaucratic culture and non-sharing of information, views and needs of the company by the employees between themselves and the management. But there is a system of hierarchy, which makes the views and ideas to produce a chain reaction, but the speed with which the reaction was occurring was not enough for the growth of the company. Hence an effective communication enabling system of structure and culture should be adopted by the management to make green river stand on the lines of Aberdeen. The crucial success factors are enthusiasm, emotional attachment with the company's growth prospects, career enhancement opportunities and performance based incentive appraisal system of and for the employees. First the employees must be assembled into groups and teams which make communication between different departments possible. This is necessary because when the finance department is ignorant of R&D's needs, it will be a suicidal aspect for the company in the long term, for the hampering in R&D work will effect the company's efficiency negatively. Similarly when purchase department is havin... This can be made possible making teams with employees from different departments and directly reporting to the Managers about the changes and needs of and in the company. These implementations will affect the profitability, ability and efficiency of the company positively provided they work in an environment that is conducive. The personal prejudices should not influence the appraisal process. The appraisal process may regard to the needs of R&D, purchase, and marketing. When the needs of customers and clients were not genuinely communicated to R&D wing - it never matters how high the personnel of that department may excel the company will never be able to deliver according to the needs of its customers. When the purchase department does not communicate with other departments the needs and necessities of those are not addressed properly and it in turn hampers the performance of employees and profitability of the Company. When the employees playing crucial role in the marketing department are more interested in technical matters the marketing done by the company will be just an artifact but never delivers. But in the Green River the teams and groups, which are a symbolic representation of modern corporate culture, which reduces the authoritativeness by improving conduciveness, responsibility and accountability, cannot be implemented overnight. The causes may be many. The ignorance and reluctance of employees and management to the new system, the employees placed in wrong places with regard of their interests, the absence of performance appraisal system which can make employee too mechanical regarding his work. These problems should be addressed in a phased manner. As a first step management

The cruise tourism

The cruise tourism INTRODUCTION Although cruise tourism started in the early 1920s, it became more popular in the last half of the 20th century especially for the middle-aged, affluent demographic mainly in North America. It was a way for them to revel in the sun during winter months while avoiding the crowded tourist spots. The industry has since seen tremendous change in fortunes and is now actually the fastest growing sector within the tourism industry with an annual growth rate averaging 8% since 1980 (Robertsen, 2010). The most popular destinations are as follows with the Caribbean taking the lions share at 50%, the Mediterranean 15%, Alaska 8%, the trans-Panama Canal has 6% of the traffic while west Mexico and northern Europe account for 5% and 4%. The South Pacific sees around 2% of the total cruise tourists. Around 80% of all cruise tourists come from North America although that figure is expected to decline as other markets catch up in the coming years. With estimated global revenue of 27 billion US dollar s and carrying approximately 18 million passengers around the globe, the cruise tourism industry is a major income earner for any economy. CRUISE TOURISM IN CHINA Although China currently sees around 10,000 cruise tourists in its ports in a year, the Chinese government is trying to institute measures to see this number go up to 600,000 passengers by the end of 2010 (Zhao, 2010). Some of the major hurdles that are seen as hampering the Chinese market include strenuous customs procedures, cabotage restrictions (a foreign flag ship is not allowed to call on more than a single Chinese port on one itinerary) and restrictions on Chinese cruise companies (Chinese companies cannot currently curry out cruise operations). Several events have helped to market China in the globe as well as increase the tourist numbers. One of them is the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The world financial crisis has also turned the worlds attention to China due to its improved infrastructure. This has benefited both outbound and inbound business numbers. Chinas growing economy and large middle class population is also seen as a target for large cruise ship companies and many of th em are already beginning to make China a key destination. In 2009 the Costa and Royal Caribbean International Cruises made bold moves by making Shanghai their home ports, increasing the travel options for Chinese cruise tourists. In fact the Cruise Industry News online magazine reports that Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan all reported double digit growth in the first months of 2010. CRUISE TOURISM IN EUROPE Cruise tourism in Europe in more developed than it is in China mainly because of its established ports and the distribution of income in European economies. G.P Wild report that about 2.5 million European nationals embarked on cruises from European ports (from a total of 2.8 million passengers) in 2005 while 13.1 million passengers visited European ports. They generated about 8.3 billion Euros in revenue, not counting the tremendous effect that the cruise industry has on other industries like ship building, restaurants, hotels and catering, sales and marketing, among others (2007). The cruising industry in Europe has been growing steadily over the years preceding the financial crisis leading to the dropping global share of the cruising traffic held by North America. This is because of the huge potential for cruise tourism in Europe. 3% of the North American population is cruising while it is 1% in Europe. This means that Europe has a greater potential for growth. Also, the new EU cit izens from Eastern Europe are pushing up the demand as their lifestyles continue to change with their changing economic conditions. While cruising was formally the preserve of the middle aged, new products have been introduced that attract children, young adults and even the elderly (Cartwright Baird, 1999). Ultimately, Europe offers the greatest growth potential in the cruise tourism industry. It offers the unique advantage that a large chunk of its population lives relatively near to the sea and so cruise liners see Europe as offering the biggest potential for growth. PERCEPTIONS OF EUROPEAN PASSENGERS In as much as there are many motives for taking a cruise, many traditional European passengers take cruises for reasons that can be summarized as the uniqueness of cruises. The perception of a cruise is that it gives them the opportunity to sample various locations in just one trip. Additionally, there is the common perception that one gets pampered on a cruise, treatment that they would not get anywhere else. Since the vast majority of Europeans have never taken a cruise, it is seen as something new and exciting. There are other opinions on cruising like; one can easily make friends on a cruise, one can shop for a variety of items, it is an opportunity to learn and it is the in thing in tourism right now (Mancini, 2004). Although the opinion of cruise tourism among Europeans is good, there is a problem with its uptake because of some perceptions. Some people view cruising as an activity for the rich. The growth of the industry in China has also been influenced by Chinese consumer behavior. Mr. Qian Yongchan, chairman of China Communications and Transportation Association, summarized the behavior of the Chinese like this: the young and middle aged seek a higher quality of living while large corporations will choose cruise tourism as a means of encouraging their employees or to develop relationships with their clients (2009). The rest of the Chinese population, it seems, is disinterested in this form of tourism. PERCEPTIONS AND BEHAVIOR OF CHINESE TOURISTS CONSUMER PERSEPTIONS Chinas sustained per capita GDP growth which now stands at 3,268 USD has led to the growth of an economically strong, young, middle class who want to enjoy luxury and opulence. Activities that were previously viewed as European are now being demanded. This has seen the growth of the many enterprises including tourism and cruise tourism in particular. Yongchan reports that the number of Chinese cruise tourists reached 93,000 in 2007 (2009). This goes to show that the perception of the Chinese tourist towards cruise tourism is changing. VALUES The modern Chinese tourist has begun to value diversity in their tourist products. Chinese tourists have ventured out of the traditional markets in Taiwan, Europe and North America to go into Africa, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. Cruise tours offer a good opportunity for them to do so. MOTIVATION The serge in Chinese tourist numbers is being motivated by the new found wealth of the common Chinese people, the growth of the middle class and the opening up of the Chinese market and economy. The Chinese governments increased economic and social obligations in the world are also propelling the Chinese to tour more of the globe. CULTURE EFFECTS The world tourism industry has become more acceptable to the Chinese culture. They now offer products that are not seen as excessive according to Chinese culture. Chinese ingenuity is also having a significant effect on the industry. COMPARISON OF CHINESE AND EUROPEAN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR The modern Chinese tourist does not differ much from the European tourist. Information technology makes certain that both consumers have access to the same information. Popular culture propagated by the media also means that the demands, like and dislikes of both sets of consumers is similar. Nevertheless, the Chinese tourist differs from the European in their experience. Europeans have been at this game for a long time while the market in China is just being opened up. Their expectations also differ in the sense that the Chinese tourist is more conservative than their European counterparts. For example, while casinos may be a big attraction to a European tourist, it may not pull in the crowds in China. POTENTIAL CHINESE MARKET FOR CRUISING The per capita GDP of the main Chinese coastal cities have grown to levels the same as those of medium developed economies. These will provide a strong foundation for passenger liner tourism in the future for Chinas outbound cruise tourism. Its strong economic performance will be another asset (Yongchan, 2009). Chinas diverse and scenic landscape will ensure that tourist numbers keep going up in the future and the plans instituted by the Chinese Transport and Communications Association to improve cruise tourism in the country will also see it rise to one of the top destinations offered by cruise liners (Dervaes, 2003). BENEFITS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHINESE MARKET TO THE EUROPEAN MARKET Will the development of the cruise industry in China help Europe sell cruises to Chinese markets? The simple answer is yes. Development of the industry will not only benefit the Chinese market but Europe, North America and the whole cruise industry. Development of Chinese ports and shipbuilding industry will help the global industry by providing alternatives in the sector; the Chinese market will provide a new bracket of tourists while China itself will be a new destination for cruises from around the world. REFERENCES Cartwright, Rodger Carolyn Baird (1999). The Development and Growth of the Cruise Industry. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Dervaes, Claudine (2003). Selling Cruises. New York, USA: Cengage Learning. Dowling, Kingston (2006). Cruise Ship Tourism. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing. Golden, Fran W. Jerry Brown (2002). European Cruises Ports of Call. Hungry Minds. Hannafin, Matt Heidi Sarna (2004). Frommers Cruises Ports of Call 2005: From U.S. and Canada Home Ports to the Caribbean, Alaska, Hawaii More. John Wiley Sons. Ludmer, Larry H. (2002). Cruising the Mediterranean: A Guide to the Ports of Call. Montreal, Canada: Hunter Publishing. Mancini, Marc (2004). Cruising: A Guide to the Cruise Line Industry. New York, USA: Cengage Learning. Maxtone-Graham, John (2000). Cruise Savvy: An Invaluable Primer for First Time Passengers. New York, USA: Sheridan House, Inc. Maxtone-Graham, John (2001). Liners to the Sun. New York, USA: Sheridan House, Inc. Stern, Steven B. (1997). Sterns Guide to the Cruise Vacation. 7th ed. Pelican Publishing Co. Robertsen, Graeme (2010). Cruise Ship Tourism Industry. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://www.lighthouse-foundation.org/index.php?id=112L=1 China Hospitality News (2009). Marketing MICE Cruises in China. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://www.chinahospitalitynews.com/en/2009/01/05/9635-marketing-mice-cruises-in-china/ Yongchang, Qian.(2009). The New Age of China Cruise Industry is Coming. Retrieved 2020-05-05 from http://www.ccyia.com/index.php/industry/viewen/1280 Zhao, Paul (2010).Chinas Cruise Industry is Growing Fast. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://prlog.org/10560599 G.P> Wild (International) Limited and Business Research and Economic Advisers (2007). Contribution of Cruise Tourism to the Economies of Europe Cruise Industry News (2010). Upward Trend for International Tourism. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://www.cruiseindustrynews.com/cruise-news/3941-42910-upward-trend-for-international-tourism.html

The Character of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays

The Character of Iago in Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No one has ever failed to appreciate the skilled art with which Shakespeare has defined the characters of his plays; great and small alike, their distinctiveness, their dignity, their misery, and their integrity are captured and displayed.   In particular the depiction of certain characters in Othello have been universally acclaimed.   Identified by many scholars as one of Shakespeare "great" tragedies, along with Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear, Othello follows a traditional tragic pattern, tracing the central character's fall from greatness and bringing together qualities of nobility with choices that lead to inevitable suffering. Othello is also one of Shakespeare's most emotionally compelling plays. The drive, with which the devastating series of events disentangle, creates a breathless sense of muddled chaos that mesmerizes viewers almost as much as it propels the characters.   In the course of Othello, we are exposed to a dramatic concepti on of Iago.   The evil contained within Othello is by no means paranormal or mythical, yet is represented by the character Iago and his voracious desire for revenge and constant deception.   Iago is disloyal, shrewd, and egotistical.   He uses these traits to his advantage by slowly planning his own conquest while watching the demise of others.   Although Iago is a perfect example of evil, a "hellish villain" creating an internalized beastlike rage, he is in fact a human wrapped with passion suffering from a distorted image of himself and others.    Evil has nowhere else been portrayed with such mastery as in the character of Iago.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iago is young, deceitful and a scoundrel from the start. He is keen and able to manipulat... ...ealed Through Dialogue." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986.    Gardner, Helen. "Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from "The Noble Moor." British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. "The Engaging Qualities of Othello." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.   

3 Best Consumer Products Essay

There, without a doubt, have been amny amazing inventions throughout the past century. As a frequent user of many of these, including the television, personal computer, and DVD player, it took me a while to narrow it down to the three best. With that, I have concluded what I believe to be the three best consumer products of the past one-hundred years. Being the music fanatic that I am, I believe the CD, or compact disk, to be my favorite of the inventions. To begin with, the CD is much smaller, slimmer, and easier to store and carry than previous music devices, such as records and cassette tapes. Also, CDs are able to store so much music; up to ninety minutes on some disks. There are a few disadvantages to the CD as well. They must be handled very carefully so they are not scratched. Another disadvantage is that they are more costly than a cassette or record. The compact disk has become a major staple in most households today. Next would have to be the dishwasher. One of the things I love about the dishwasher is the immense amount of time it saves. Many dishes can be washed at once in the amount of time it would usually take to wash much less by hand. A disadvantage of the dishwasher would include pre-washing. Usually the dirty dishes need to be rinsed off thoroughly before being placed in the dishwasher, as sometimes it does not clean the dishes completely. Overall, I still consider the dishwasher to be a great product due to the busy, hectic lives of people of the twenty and twenty-first centuries. Lastly, as I am sure most would agree, would the be the cell phone. Cell phones are now so small and compact that they are able to fit most anywhere. They are a great thing to have in case of emergencies, as well. In the past few years, cell phones have evolved in so many ways to include such features as text messaging, cameras, and even the internet. With all of these features also comes expense. Cell phones can cost anywhere from thirty to thousands of dollars. Another downside cell phones would be that they are not always reliable. Depending on one’s location, cell phones are capable of losing service, which can be quite irritating. Despite the few disadvantages, I would still consider it to be the third greatest consumer product of the past century. Though all of the products I have listed could use a little improvement in some areas, I belive most would agree that the compact disk, dishwasher, and cell phone are three very wonderful products that have changed the lives of many. I believe those to be the three best consumer products of the past one-hundred years.

Should Cars Be Banned from City Centers?

H: today we need to discuss an interesting topic is â€Å"do you thginks cars should be banned from city centers. Do you agree or disagree? In my opinion, I think cars should not be banned because people might not be able to get to work. Its unfair that we can not use our cars in the city centre. People might not like going on buses to the city centre because teenagers might cause trouble. Or you might not be able to get a seat. Some people might not like going on buses because there sometimes dirty and they do not have seatbelts so you don’t feel safe on them. Where if you are in your car you feel safer. H . true, I afraid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. because I think that cars should be banned from the city centre because if they were the world would be a safer place and I would be able to go there with my family without having to panic about people attacking us. I feel that if there wasn’t any cars in the city centre it would become a more child friendly area making kids like me welcome there. It would make me happy and no doubt safe. I think they are more then a good idea because of their help to stop pollution helping to cure our world. For a better chance in life P :yes†¦. But sometimes u can be late because use public transport and spent a lot of time for wait H : I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦there is clearly an urgent need to cut pollution, this could be achieved by developing cleaner fuels and electrically powered cars, and encouraging people to use public transport where possible. P: yes,you win. easing our reliance on cars is a great idea

The stranger essays

The stranger essays "You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life." Albert Camus Life. This little four-letter word is so perplexing and difficult to define. Sure, Webster has its own definition. Yet, scholars and philosophers continue to search for its meaning and purpose. Others look towards religion and faith to guide them. Then on the other side there are existentialists. They believe in individual existence, freedom and choice. Because humans can make their own choices, existentialists think humans create their own nature. Likewise, the literary works of Albert Camus reflect this idea of existentialism. He shows how a man can accept the choices he made, appreciate the life he is given, realize the absurdity of life, keep his beliefs and prepare for death. In his novel, The Stranger, the protagonist, Meursault, experiences more freedom when confined in a prison than when he was living in the outside world. While awaiting death in a prison, the main character, Meursault took responsibility for the choices he made in life. As we know, throughout the novel, Meursault was passive; he was like a leaf being blown in different directions. For example, he made the conscious choice not to see his mother's body in the casket. Most people would want to pay their respects and see the body of their loved one for a last time. This wasn't the case with Meursault. The reason wasn't because he was too shocked or upset; he just didn't feel like it. This indifferent attitude was common in Meursault. "Then I felt like having a smoke. But I hesitated, because I didn't know if I could do it with Maman right there. I thought about it; it didn't matter" (8). Not only did he abandon the custom and not look at her body, he smoked and drank coffee near her casket. Another choice he made was to start a "relationship" with Marie. The day after he came back from his moth...

Brecht and Epic Theatre essays

Brecht and Epic Theatre essays Clearly Defining What Brecht Meant By Epic Theatre Show How He Sort To Achieve His Aims Through His Production Methods Brecht was reacting against the theatre of the time; this was because traditional theatre had a fantastic set, elaborate costumes, sentimental music and sloppy emotion. He thought this type of theatre was aesthetically wrong as he felt a good story had been taken and made sentimental. He also believed this type of theatre was morally wrong, as the plays did not portray a truthful picture of everyday life. For example a poor person would have rosy cheeks and look well fed, which was not the case. It was also the events of the time that also inspired Brecht to create Epic theatre and that was the nazi movement. In the rallies people became so emotionally involved that they would lose control of their bodily functions but also did not have the ability to stand back and look at it analytically to realise what was going was wrong and how to stop it. From this Brecht wanted a change to take place in the theatre. His aims for this new type of theatre were firstly to entertain, because he knew only then could he change people's minds and in turn change society. Theatre in Brecht's view was that not only should it entertain but also educate and teach people. This is why he wrote the 'Leherstuck' (Learning Plays) which at first were didactic but after having lessons in the Marxist theory around 1927 they became more dialectical, this is obvious in all his works. Brecht believed the way to teach was to reject emotion as he said 'one mustn't congeal them in emotional jelly', although later he changed his mind. Brecht basically wanted a new type of theatre for the 'scientific' age. Dramatic theatre was the traditional form at the time but Brecht along with Piscator created the first Epic theatre. Epic theatre took Brecht years to formulate and was not firmly established until the 1940's-50's. Both forms of theatre had a di...

Abstract Is a Deceptive Form of Explanation for Pictures Painted

How His Emotional World Influences His Paintings? Abstract is a deceptive form of explanation for the pictures painted by Zao Wou-ki, it would be perfect to say that the images painted by Zao Wou-ki hovers between abstract and nature. Zao,s maximum painting is based on the representation of the Chinese landscape. The career of Zao Wou-ki is definite by way through which Zao reinterpreted Eastern rudiments from 16 th hundred century of Yuan Dynasty and Sung landscape paintings[1]. Zao intermingled the natural essences these works in combination with the Western oil paints. The prints and paintings of an artist have apparently avoided schema of forms from a landscape, expressing in a way of abstract emotion of the reflections, colors, land harmony, energy, sky, sea and earth. In an International auction Zao received the highest price for his work in the month of April 2013, due its beautiful and splendid use of blue oil painting of the imaginary landscape. He was one of the most traditional Chinese painter in the 20 th century and 21 st century. The painting sold for nearly around USD 4 million at Hong Kong in the month of April, 2013. Though the blue colour was one of the favourite colours used by Zao Wou-Ki, his blue paintings are very famous, and the paintings are also very rare. The famous painter used this blue colour to signify llakes and river in his paintings. Zao Wou-Ki passed away after three days of his best sale. In current period of time, the demand of Zao's lithographs and art in the secondary and primary market is to increasing among collectors irrespective or East or West. Zao Wou-Ki paintings is about the worldly and emotional experiences in which Zao himself is concerned. The world Zao summons up is not entirely detached or different from him. For this cause, Zao's paintings most of the time be read in dual directions, either as an environment of evocation macrocosmic of experience or as expressions of a sincerely personal topography. The last measurement is an abstract aspect about which modern painters in West incline to be different, perhaps dreading the charge of a romanticism of carrier grade[2]. The obligation to the abstract paintings monitored his stay in U.S, where Zou encountered expressionism of abstracts first-hand at the peak of his career. Grasped by it to promise himself physically more to the landscape. Zou worked on a painting in an apparent gestural performance and was careful in constructing fact comparison with the first wife's pictures. Until around 1972 he explored the several possibilities of his tactic, in painting which were latter done a larger scale. On the one side, Zou pushed his previous mood to the final effect of drama, nearly as if looking to encourage himself which it could grip his attention forever. But alongside he has taken the ink painting once more[3]. He had educated to grasp the Chinese brush in his childhood with tremendous achievement and with a certain recurrent influence on his training of oil painting. [1] Russell, Heather. 2013. "Nature And The Art Of Zao Wou-Ki". Art World. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/nature-and-the-art-of-zao-wou-ki-49681. [2] Hay, Jonathan. 2003. "Zao Wao-Ki". https://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/fineart/people/faculty/hay_PDFs/contemporary/Zao-Wou-ki.pdf. [3] Hay, Jonathan. 2003. "Zao Wao-Ki". https://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/fineart/people/faculty/hay_PDFs/contemporary/Zao-Wou-ki.pdf.

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions - Assignment Example Despite not being ideal, the approach has some rationale which cannot be negated altogether. Senior level employees and managers have several business commitments beyond the routine work hours and more often than not they are bound to their tasks and targets instead of time. This however, should not leverage the habitual delays by senior and they should set a better example for their juniors. 2. No, I think that employers should not have the right to regulate the after-hours social activities unless they have an impact on the workplace productivity. The activities that might have a direct effect on workplace productivity provide a potential leverage to the employer to devise regulations to avoid them but these must have a direct impact. A major issue that may evolve from meeting at the work place is the social stress and anxiety resulted that may ultimately have an effect on work place environment and the projected output. Often these workplace social interaction causes uncalled for rifts among employees which creates room for regulations to avert such circumstances. 3.

Managing in a strategic context Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing in a strategic context - Case Study Example Generalisability refers to the application of certain policy or practices over a large section of population. The main advantage of generalizability is the implementation of certain practices to a wide range, which may lead towards creative solutions to the common managerial limitations often witnessed in the current phenomenon (NCBI, 2009). Correspondingly, the objective determined for this paper intends to identify the qualities of Lincoln Electric business model, which in turn defines its Generalisability to other industries and countries considering the HR policies and practices implemented by the company. Lincoln Electric practices the strategy of reducing the prices of its products by controlling the cost of production. The company has introduced several HR policies which mainly focuses on the employee’s satisfaction, and thus leads to retaining the existing employees resulting in the reduced cost of production. An overall understanding of the strategic intent and direction taken by the company, it can be observed to be continuously upgrading its technology for the improvement of its products to further suffice the market demand (Siegel, 2008). The organisational strategy of Lincoln Electronics was unique with innovative and creative ideas. In order to motivate the employees of the organisation, a special form of incentive system was introduced for properly distributing the profits within the organisation. The system comprised of four components, viz. piece work pay, annual bonus, guaranteed employment and limited benefits. Of these four components, the piecework was the most beneficial as every employee had to prove his/her quality and earn maximum according to his productivity. Another most important element of the employment system of Lincoln’s was the annual bonus scheme. According to this scheme, the employees

Part II (4DB) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Part II (4DB) - Essay Example (Torbert, 2004) The first principle is that we should ensure that everyone in the organization understands what makes him to work. For effective management, if everyone knows what brought him to work, why he is working, what he gets after working and what consequences he gets if he does not work, then it will be a better approach of motivation to workers. The second principle is that for the employees to understand the importance of being part of the team. It is essential the employees to be part of the team for the achievement of the organization’s objectives. There must be coordination in the activities of the organization hence the importance for all employees being part of the team. Being part of the team, the employees will be motivated as all of them will be working toward a common hence, there will be success in the organization’s objectives. The purpose of the organization: To manage change effectively in an organization, the manager needs to ensure that all employees’ team purpose or mission is in line with the members’ needs and wants. The challenges of the organization: Employees feel motivated if they overcome challenges their experience in an organization. As a technique to manage change in an organization, employees should not give up in case of challenges in an organization but should come up with an alternative to tackle the problem. Camaraderie is another technique that can be used to manage change in an organization. The employees should maintain a good working relationship in an organization. The managers should encourage employees to have togetherness in whatever they are doing and if possible, the organization should introduce something like indoor games that will keep the employees together. Another technique that can be used to manage change and to motivate the employees is assigning responsibilities to the employees. If employees are assigned

Importance of displacement, migrations and the perceived lack or flux Essay

Importance of displacement, migrations and the perceived lack or flux of geo-political boundaries to contemporary art - Essay Example The essay "Importance of displacement, migrations and the perceived lack or flux of geo-political boundaries to contemporary art" discovers how artists through their artworks have tried to bring out the idea that migration, exile and displacement that are matters as a result of political and social changes, which have generated the wider world of modernity. Displacement comprises of one of the main parameters in our cultural development currently, and constitutes desired geopolitical characteristics of the present life. Art has taken advantage of displacement in countries that are not economically and politically stable. Levi and Scheding are of the opinion that â€Å"maybe the only generalization possible is that displacement must be understood as a complex and heterogeneous mass phenomenon.† Displacements of artist have a wide context in which they affect the artists. Rather than subjecting the artists into a new physical environment, there are more situations playing behind . Levi and Scheding term them as the social, cultural and historic contexts. Artistic displacement has faced a series of events in it which include the movement of images, goods, information and people. These subject contemporary artists to a wide range of concepts. Many have tried to understand the essence behind displacement and contemporary artists. Tactfully, many artists would find opportunity to show case their ability, and therefore need to relocate to desired places. In other cases, nature and political stands come on the way.

Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Evaluation - Essay Example This will require the audience to have basic knowledge on how relationships are made and maintained over the internet. Obviously, the readers will be familiar real relationships and, hence they will be interested in the comparison element of the evaluation. The audience is also expected to prefer face-to-face relationships. Consequently, the readers expect an evaluation that condemns cyberspace relationships. Responses to issues of increased fraud and cybercrime will be highly appreciated by the audience. The audience will also prefer an evaluation that handles the problem from an impact approach. Credibility of information will also be a requirement for the evaluation. It is evident that the audience will be moved by statistical facts particularly those associated with a government agency. Visual aids such as charts and graphs will provide an excellent comparison of both relationships. A recent incident in which a woman named Miller was coned thousands of dollars and valuables throu gh an online dating site by a man who posed as an Afghanistan based soldier, will be a sufficient motivation for my audience. The review will focus on both relationships from a non-partisan approach with the intentions of identify credible facts. Therefore, the readers should expect an evaluation that is solely composed facts, criticism and free of

Part II (4DB) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Part II (4DB) - Essay Example (Torbert, 2004) The first principle is that we should ensure that everyone in the organization understands what makes him to work. For effective management, if everyone knows what brought him to work, why he is working, what he gets after working and what consequences he gets if he does not work, then it will be a better approach of motivation to workers. The second principle is that for the employees to understand the importance of being part of the team. It is essential the employees to be part of the team for the achievement of the organization’s objectives. There must be coordination in the activities of the organization hence the importance for all employees being part of the team. Being part of the team, the employees will be motivated as all of them will be working toward a common hence, there will be success in the organization’s objectives. The purpose of the organization: To manage change effectively in an organization, the manager needs to ensure that all employees’ team purpose or mission is in line with the members’ needs and wants. The challenges of the organization: Employees feel motivated if they overcome challenges their experience in an organization. As a technique to manage change in an organization, employees should not give up in case of challenges in an organization but should come up with an alternative to tackle the problem. Camaraderie is another technique that can be used to manage change in an organization. The employees should maintain a good working relationship in an organization. The managers should encourage employees to have togetherness in whatever they are doing and if possible, the organization should introduce something like indoor games that will keep the employees together. Another technique that can be used to manage change and to motivate the employees is assigning responsibilities to the employees. If employees are assigned

Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Evaluation - Essay Example This will require the audience to have basic knowledge on how relationships are made and maintained over the internet. Obviously, the readers will be familiar real relationships and, hence they will be interested in the comparison element of the evaluation. The audience is also expected to prefer face-to-face relationships. Consequently, the readers expect an evaluation that condemns cyberspace relationships. Responses to issues of increased fraud and cybercrime will be highly appreciated by the audience. The audience will also prefer an evaluation that handles the problem from an impact approach. Credibility of information will also be a requirement for the evaluation. It is evident that the audience will be moved by statistical facts particularly those associated with a government agency. Visual aids such as charts and graphs will provide an excellent comparison of both relationships. A recent incident in which a woman named Miller was coned thousands of dollars and valuables throu gh an online dating site by a man who posed as an Afghanistan based soldier, will be a sufficient motivation for my audience. The review will focus on both relationships from a non-partisan approach with the intentions of identify credible facts. Therefore, the readers should expect an evaluation that is solely composed facts, criticism and free of

Statement Of The Project Objectives Essay Example for Free

Statement Of The Project Objectives Essay The present project endeavors to create, edit, and distribute software in the educational and training field. Specifically, the current project aims to (1) create a separate company, ACM Software Inc., in order to complement the current mission and vision of the parent company ACM Consulting, and (2) to explore opportunities to expand the present business to include the international market. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The present project entails the involvement of the following departments: Project Management, Small Business and Entrepreneurship (SBE), Operations, Sales and Marketing, Accounting, IPO, Human Resources and Business Information Systems (BIS). The Project Management is mainly responsible for effective and efficient management, including formulation of the Communication Plan, Project Schedule, and Weekly Analysis of Project Schedule. BIS is tasked with the creation of the ACM Software website, website hosting, marketing design, product description, and product pricing; SBE with delivering a complete document presentation of the new business proposal to the client ACM Consulting, in accordance with their mission of training and education. This will be accomplished through various media such as video, audio and CBTs with distribution via the internet as a web service, audio CD, DVD, published books and pod casting for both video and audio and streaming video media. The BIS-created website providing detailed information on the product(s) being offered and the means to purchase these shall be based on the ACM Consulting-proposed educational software. This would serve to market the product as well. Operations will be responsible for establishing a manufacturing plant for the software production and packaging, as well as developing a time-and cost-efficient distribution and transportation strategy. Initial plans include distributing and storing the product in various warehouses all over the United States. The IPO team shall make all necessary arrangements pertaining to the incorporation of the new company ACM Software, Inc. including the necessary legal and administrative paper work, documentation and drawing up of company reports such as scope statements, status reports, and project schedules, and company presentations (via PowerPoint). In addition, IPO is tasked with analysis of business formats and selection of states in which to incorporate ACM Software Inc. Sales and Marketing working at 100 percent efficiency, aims to create the subsidiary company ACM Software, Inc. under the ACM name, within a year. The Accounting department shall prepare the financial statements for ACM Software, Inc. The financial statements shall incorporate income statements, balance sheet, and statements of cash flows to provide a detailed report of the company’s assets, liabilities, stockholder’s equity, income and expenses. In addition, they too shall prepare annual company budgets for ACM within the next five years. All the above-mentioned departments within the organization of ACM Software, Inc. shall communicate in the most effective and efficient manner, within and among themselves. REQUIREMENTS OF THE PRESENT PROJECT The present project requires several outputs from the different departments. Project managers must strictly enforce all deadlines to actualize the final project in its entirety. To do this, proper coordination and communication between management and all the departments, including performance monitoring, evaluation and feedback, shall be encouraged and pursued. SBE shall conduct a research on ACM’s current product line and target market in order to determine existing and future needs and concerns of customers; undertake a research on the software market to effectively outline ACM’s competition and better comprehend consumer needs in the software tools industry worldwide, for possible future product and market expansion; and brief ACM Consulting representatives on existing product lines being offered by the company. The information collected shall facilitate the creation of a full product line that will be of benefit to the nation, and possibly even markets abroad. HR shall recruit and train future employees; formulate the Technical Skills and Education requirements for employees, based on recommendations from all hiring managers; and devise and process the Benefits and Compensation packages for employees.   The Sales and Marketing department requires coordination with other departments to properly and accurately define and design successful marketing campaigns for the 360 Sports training suite. The Marketing team requires product specifications and data from the SBE, to create and implement proper branding; as well as specifications from the BIS on desired graphics and other materials necessary to build an appropriate web presence in order to market the product suite online. Sales and Marketing require access to the Accounting team, to ensure that all needed financials are exact and available; Furthermore, Marketing shall work with the Accounting department to ensure that the Sales Forecasting is on target with those of the other teams, as w ell as in line with company expectations, projections and goals. Operations will be required to assist Sales and Marketing to order and set up the computer hardware and software applications needed for the successful transportation and delivery of the product suite to dealers and distributors. The Operations department is primarily responsible for overseeing the construction and subsequently the operations of the company plant facility for the manufacture and packaging of the software product. The Plant facility specifics must meet the following requirements: 1. The manufacturing plant is to occupy a minimum of 4,000 square feet in land area. 2. The erection of a 33,000 sq ft. building, which will serve as the main distribution centers. 3. The plant is to be equipped with the following: a.) 10 CD/DVD duplicators, which can copy 20 CD/DVD’s at a time b.) 10 high capacity label makers c.) 5 industrial CD packing machines d.) 4 trucks Business Information Systems (BIS) is in-charge of (1) website hosting; (2) marketing design; (3) product description and (4) product pricing. Technical Requirements of the ACM Software, Inc. website are as follows: a. Website will support 150,000 visits per month / 5000 user visits per day b. Bandwidth transfer up to 15000 Mega Bytes per month / 500 Mega Bytes per day c. Website compatible with web browser versions Internet Explorer 5.0 and Mozilla Firefox d. Available 24 Hours per day / 365 Days per year e. Web host must provide Internet service redundancy For the Accounting Department, it shall require (a) computations for Start-up cost; (b) Sales figures; (c) List of Expenses from all departments of the company ACM Software, Inc.; (d) Figures on the number of employees needed to work for accounting department, to be forwarded to HR; and (e) Estimated future sales and expenses, within the next five years of company operations. Meanwhile, the creation of the IPO team shall be based on the decision of senior level management whether the company, ACM Software, Inc. shall be privately or publicly-held. The IPO team shall conduct research on existing law firms and draw up recommendations on the choice of law firm which could best address the specific needs of the company, as overall project plans of the company need to conform to existing rules and regulations as specified by law. One or two underwriters from a carefully chosen field of investment banks shall be selected, to present the company with all existing regulations and restrictions which may affect company operations. Specifically, the IPO department is required to accomplish the registration of the company, ACM Software, Inc.; selection of the state wherein to incorporate ACM Software, Inc.; election of directors for the corporation, ACM Software, Inc.; preparation of the articles of incorporation; formulation of the corporation’s by-laws; drawing up of the shareholder agreement; regular meetings with the new directors of ACM Software, Inc. after their election to the board; issuance of certificates to the corporation’s initial stockholders; and obtaining all necessary business licenses and permits from the: a.) Federal Government b.) State Government c.) Local Government PROJECT BOUNDARIES Each department and aspect of operation of the company ACM Software, Inc. has to operate within a given set of boundaries, to ensure efficiency, attainment of set goals and quality performance. The project managers are in no position to carry out the work specific to a particular department due to lack of technical know-how and intimate knowledge of detailed day-to-day internal operations of each and every department. SBE is severely limited by lack of expertise on software programming, and thus will no longer be responsible for the programming of the software produced by the company. SBE would instead focus on overseeing the creation of working prototypes of the product and present a detailed presentation of possible packaging for the product. The project boundaries for HR include but are not limited to: final decisions for all compensation and benefits conclusions (to be approved by senior management, i.e. the Board of Directors); the full implementation of all training systems; and screening of hires through an appropriate staffing process. The Sales and Marketing department is largely dependent on the decisions of the SBE. The company product offerings as selected by SBE will define the potential for sales, revenue and growth of the company ACM Software, Inc. It is also important to note the highly competitive and well-established nature of the software industry, with many companies, including recognized industry giants, competing for shares in the software market. As a relatively new market player, ACM Software, Inc. is engaging in an industry that may or may not see the need for additional products and service offerings. The Operations department will essentially collaborate with the Accounting, Human Resource (HR), and Project Management teams to select facility location best suitable for the production and distribution of the ACM-manufactured software. It shall conduct research from which to base their recommendations on the best possible location, wherein labor costs are minimal; resources are abundant and readily available. Furthermore, it shall assemble the facility layout best suitable for the training of staff and the manufacture and production of the software. The Operations team shall also collaborate with the Accounting department to draw up an equipment list needed for the production of the software, and forward all the necessary data reports to the Human Resources department and the Project Management team. As in-charge of operations, the same department will orient and facilitate the roles and conduct of other teams in the areas of production and product distribution. BIS shall function within the following set of boundaries: 1. Shipping rates will be fixed per total dollar amount of items ordered. 2. Non-existence of â€Å"Search† functionality within the ACM Software, Inc. website. 3. Saving and/or e-mailing of the shopping cart in the ACM Software, Inc. website to another recipient shall be barred. 4. An end-user 800 x 600 pixel resolution is to be maintained for the ACM Software, Inc. website. 5. The same ACM Software, Inc. website shall not employ a Shockwave Flash or an ActiveX Plug-in. 6. Visa and MasterCard are the only honored means of on-line payment for purchase of ACM Software products. 7. The ACM Software, Inc. website shall be in the English language. As for the Accounting department, its boundaries are set to payroll, sales figures, financial statements and the company’s tax return. IPO is primarily bounded by the price of the company name, as determined by the legal underwriters. The corporation’s name, ACM Software, Inc. has already been agreed-upon by all major parties involved. PROJECT DELIVERABLES As overseer of the overall performance of the entire company, Project Management has to ensure that all departments are delivering expected outputs at the highest level of efficiency and productivity possible, in line with the set corporate goals. Specifically, project deliverables for the successful creation of ACM Software, Inc. are as follows: †¢ A Sports Education Simulation Software Packet †¢ A â€Å"How To† Financial Education Simulation Software Packet †¢ A Business Process Simulation Packet for Human Resources. †¢ A listing of the items that will be included in the software package †¢ A detailed description of what each product will offer †¢ A sample of the designs for each product label. †¢ Draft working plans of Training Systems for all departments †¢ Complete job descriptions for all employees †¢ Benefits and Compensation packages †¢ New employee orientation package †¢ Organizational Chart for ACM Software, Inc. †¢ Weekly status reports †¢ Domestic Marketing Plan †¢ Weekly Status Reporting †¢ Project Schedule †¢ State-of-the art and fully operational software manufacturing plant facility, with appropriate office space (for management, programming, production, testing, packaging, and shipping). †¢ Purchasing of office furniture †¢ Purchasing of packaging equipment and materials †¢ Purchasing of manufacturing equipment for production †¢ Security equipment †¢ Blue print of building †¢ Logistics for distribution and transportation of ACM Software products, inclusive of but not limited to the following: a.) Warehouses 33,000 square feet in area b.) Four (4) units fully functional delivery trucks c.) Security equipment †¢ Fully functional and user-friendly ACM Software, Inc. corporate website, with the following features: a.) Shopping cart feature, which allows for â€Å"Quantity Change,† â€Å"Delete item,† and â€Å"Update† b.) Customer log-in c.) Dynamic product page with an â€Å"Add to cart† button †¢ The above-mentioned website will contain the following pages: a.) Home b.) About Us c.) Products d.) Downloads e.) Customer Login f.) Customer Support g.) Contact Us h.) View Cart i.) Technical Support j.) Terms and Conditions k.) Privacy Policy †¢ Domain name purchase and reservation †¢ Website and e-mail hosting for domain name †¢ 150 e-mail accounts to include individual accounts for each employee, sales, technical support, customer service, and webmaster. †¢ Income statements †¢ Balance sheets †¢ Statements of cash flows †¢ Budget †¢ Start- up cost †¢ Analysis of business formats and states to incorporate in. †¢ Registration statement †¢ Legal paperwork and proper documentation to set up the corporation, ACM Software †¢ Legal and administrative paperwork for IPO creation †¢ Company reports as to obtaining IPO status and official IPO and legal recognition †¢ Status Reports †¢ Scope Statements †¢ Project Schedules †¢ Presentation Slides PROJECT CONSTRAINTS Several factors need to be taken into consideration, as these limit what can be done in a humanly possible manner towards the successful implementation of the project. Project management is constrained by the individual performance of the different departments within the company ACM Software, Inc., as well as its given mandate and resources at its disposal for the project actualization and attainment of company goals and targets, as set upon by the company board of directors and the senior management of the parent firm ACM Consulting. SBE has to contend with several different variables limiting what the team can accomplish. Foremost of these constraints is time. It is important to note that software programming is a time-consuming process. Thus, deadlines on product development and manufacture need to take this nature of the software programming process into consideration. Another would be finances, which limit the number of programmers to be employed in product development and manufacture, as well as in the other aspects of company operations, i.e. sales and marketing teams, website development, technical support, etc. Product development and manufacture would also be primarily based on the needs of clients and the target market. Proper coordination and cooperation from the other departments are also imperative, as the other teams’ performance may affect the overall company output. Staffing for the different departments involved in the project cannot be initiated until all hiring managers have successfully submitted the appropriate job details, educational and skills requirements of their necessary staff personnel to the HR department. In addition, the HR Department must abide by all government guidelines and policies in hiring employees. Employment of all hires as screened by the HR is subject to senior management approval. For Sales and Marketing, time is also a major limitation. The current project aims to create a subsidiary company under the ACM name within a year (roughly 365 days), requiring the Sales and Marketing Department to perform at one hundred percent efficiency in order to accomplish this undertaking. To do so, it needs the cooperation of several teams, as well as the full support of Project Management. The HR department plays an important role in assisting the Sales and Marketing team through efficient staffing of all open business development positions with capable and dedicated personnel, as well as approves and acts on new requisition requests. Of course there is always the possibility of open positions being filled at a later date than initially expected, and/or new requests for additional personnel being denied. Budget constraints also prove to be a vital limiting factor. In order to effectively market and sell ACM Software products, adequate investment must be made in product marketing. Sales training, marketing research, staffing and product advertising may prove too costly for the company. A minimal budget for product marketing may reflect on overall sales figures. Due to various factors and other externalities, many aspects of this project are still subject to change. It is important to note that there are occurrences, i.e. force majeure, acts of nature, etc. beyond the control of the personnel in-charge. Such constraints include, but are not limited to: †¢ Changes brought about by the seasons. Cold weather can cause severe constraints on human, as well as mechanical productivity, logistics concerning delivery and transport of materials, which may be delayed due to unfavorable weather conditions. †¢ Delays in the construction of the plant facility, its operation, production and delivery of products caused by unattained, expired, or incomplete permits and other legal documents, of which the overall responsibility is with the senior management of the parent company, ACM Consulting. †¢ The cost of labor and materials may vary due to economic factors, among others – i.e. domestic inflation, labor unrest, legally mandated wage hikes, etc. Therefore, any indirect and unforeseen market constraints may also impact the execution of the project. †¢ Union mass action and possible conflicts with management would inadvertently affect plant production and possibly cause delays, among other problems, in operations. †¢ Faulty construction and other infrastructural defects, as well as technical failures in acquired machinery may prove costly to the company. In some instances, stop-gap measures, structural repairs, refitting and refurbishing may cause operational delays and other problems such as loss of productivity. For the BIS, it is primarily limited by time constraints, including the finalization of all necessary reports and recommendations based on data gathered in cooperation with other departments (e.g. project scope) due on the 31st of August, 2007, prior to the official company project presentation. This report would be comprehensive, and includes accurate information and specific plans for the design of the company website, the projected budget for the BIS individual group operation, as well as integrated key figures and projections from the Sales and Marketing, Operations, Accounting, and Project Management teams. Other constraints are: †¢ Availability of appropriate software and limited computer availability for key accounts personnel. †¢ Limited user access power and system restrictions. †¢ Availability of information and necessary coordination with different departments. †¢ Time frame for project completion. †¢ Adequate staffing and employee availability. For the IPO, areas of concern include efficient staffing, employee availability and time constraints in the formulation of the company resolution. Other constraints may consist of financial and legal issues, inadequate time for the processing and submission of paperwork and other necessary requirements, very strict and restrictive deadlines, and unforeseen political restrictions which may arise depending on developments in the socio-political scene. PROJECT PARTNERSHIPS Project Management as overall project overseer is to work closely with all the other departments, as well as report directly to senior management of the parent company ACM Consulting, and the elected Board of Directors of newly-created firm ACM Software, Inc., for company reports and project updates.   SBE is to work closely with clients for product feedback and to evaluate other possible market opportunities. Together with the Sales and Marketing Team, SBE is to develop strategic goals for business development and product line expansion. Meetings and updates with the Project Management team on a regular basis as to department operations and attainment of stated goals are also necessary. Then of course close coordination with the Accounting department in order to work out department budgets and financial constraints hindering the SBE team’s performance and effectiveness. The Human Resources Department will basically work with all other departments for their staffing needs an d employment compensation packages. The Sales and Marketing Department is to work closely in tandem with the SBE, BIS and Accounting Departments. Operations will be working with the HR Department to establish specific staffing requirements for the plant facility, acquire budget specifics from the Accounting department for strategic planning and purchasing of appropriate facility sites, obtain time tables, working schedules and Operation goals as evaluated and approved by the Project Management team. The BIS web development team is to be in direct collaboration with the Project Management, Operations, Accounting, and Sales and Marketing forces. As for the Accounting Department, it is to work closely with all departments, as each and every aspect of operations requires adequate funding. Specifically, its inter-department partnership would focus on the following aspects: †¢ Project Management to evaluate and approve the calculated start up cost, and to draw up managerial expenses and management costs of the company ACM Software, Inc. †¢ Sales and marketing for drawing up accurate sales figures, revenue projections and calculated marketing expenses †¢ HR Department for hiring and employee expenses, particularly employee wages and payroll expenses. †¢ Operations Department for the bulk of incurred company expenses, as channeled through financing the acquisition of the plant facility, plant operations, production and distribution of products, and systems implementation costs. †¢ BIS for drawing up expenses related to Website development, website hosting, and domain registration. †¢ SBE in calculating the projected and actual overall expenses related to its department operations, as well as opportunities for product line and market expansion. IPO would work hand-in-hand with the Project Management for regular updates on the company IPO status, communication and coordination with senior management for the resolution of possible legal problems which may arise, and with the Accounting Department for financial concerns. PROJECT ORGANIZATIONS †¢ Anna Popek—ESFJ: Extraverted, Sensing, Feeling, Judging – HR †¢ Towana Elmore—INFJ: Introverted, Intuitive, Feeling, Judging – HR †¢ David Pariso ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€ESTJ: Extraverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging – HR †¢ Diana Ramos – First Vice President of Operations (Myers Briggs type ISTJ) †¢ Anand Soni – Director of Operations (Myers Briggs type INTJ) †¢ Brijesh Patel – Second Vice President of Operations (Myers Briggs type ENTJ) †¢ Cindy Paredes – Operations Manager (Myers Briggs type INFJ) †¢ Allen Peterson (ESTJ) BIS †¢ Luke Dyson (INTJ) – BIS †¢ Michael Hoegerl (INTJ) – BIS †¢ Isha Khatri (ENFJ) – Accounting †¢ Purnima Patel (ENFJ) – Accounting †¢ Nirali Shah (INFJ) – Accounting †¢ Sevil Mursalova, Financial Analyst (ENFJ) – IPO †¢ Julia Ortega (ESFJ) – IPO †¢ Miriam Juarez (ENFJ) – IPO

Just World Belief and Attitude Toward Jirga

Just World Belief and Attitude Toward Jirga Discussion This study was aimed to investigate the Just world belief and attitude toward jirga among university students. Study shows that the positive attitude toward jirga is positively correlated with just world belief. This shows that people with positive attitude toward jirga system also have high level on JWB. This finding is supported by the theory of â€Å"the belief in a Just life: A fundamental delusion† (Lerner, 1980) .theory purposed that a just world is one in which actions and conditions have predictable and appropriate consequences. When people believe that the consequence of every action is appropriate the also trust the decision making by their elders of jirga cause it support there belief that one will only get what her deserve there is no chance of unjust decisions. Another important finding of the study is, that the level of JWB is high among male students in comparison to female students. JWB is defined as the consequences one faces is because of her own work and what that deserve there. Or in other words â€Å"you reap what you sow†. In our society women are consider weaker them men, Men have more resources and opportunities to fight for their right and get what they want according to Lerner (1980) people are motivated to believe that the world is a just place where people get what they deserve. In most cases women are the once who suffers even if the crime is done by the male member of the family i.e Vani . the sample for this study was conducted from the students of Peshawar many of them belong to the ruler areas where the justice system is week or where judicial system is replaced by the Jirga system, in this kind of situation a men in our society have more power to stand for his right and mostly the judgments given by jirga’ s are in favor of men or if someone committed a murder his sis or daughter is offered to the male member of the victims family to settle the score and bring peace between two families. In this scenario the women how become Vani lost her faith on just world or any other women who saw this kind of treatment lost her faith on just world. The injustices’ for women in our society is not just in the areas where jirga’s are the main sources of decision, in areas where Judicial system is available even there it’s very hard for the women to get justices, for exam if a women became a rape victim the family prohibited her to go to the polices because according to them taking this kind of matter out from the house will jeopardize there respect and the status and if even then a women go out and approach the police she face the humility by the male member of police and then if the rapist get caught he get his self out from the jail on a bile like in the case of Mukhtaran BIBI anti terrorism court sentenced 6 men to death for rape but the Lahore high court cited â€Å"insufficient evidence† and Supreme court too acquitted the accused ( the express Tribune, April 22, 2011). This kind of situations make female member of society not to believe on the phenomena like just world belief. These findings are supported by the study conducted by (Hayes, Loren Bell, 2013) on Victim Blaming Others: Rape Myth acceptance and just World Belief, there results indicate that the level of just world belief is higher among men than women. Important finding of the study is female students have negative attitude toward jirga system then male students and over all the attitude of students toward jirga is more negative than positive. Jirga is a form of local council who have all male members in it, most verdicts given by them goes against women even if it was a male member of the family who committed the crime, Like â€Å"VANI† is an example in which if a male member of a family killed or committee a crime to another person or family the female a daughter or a sister or niece of the murderer forcibly married to the male member family of a victim to settle the scores between families the male who committed the crime didn’t get any kind of punishment, there are many expels of this tradition , in district D.I. Khan a three year old girl given to a man of forty five years on the decision of the local Jirga because the uncle of the three years old who kidnapped a girl (Daily Jung , 22 January 2007) , another case a man ran away with the daughter of the neighbor’s and the girls family took the case into local jiga , the jirga decided that the 6 month old daughter of the culprit’s should be married with the 25 years old brother of the runaway girl.( Al-Juzairi, A.R, 1977) and other example of the decisions of the Jirg system is â€Å"honor killing† jirga allow to murder a women if a male member of her family think that she dishonored his family they don’t even need prove to prove that women guilty, and another example is â€Å"honor rape† in which if a male member of a family raped someone jirga ordered that male members of the victims family should rape the female from the family of the person who rapped. The biggest example of the â€Å"honor Rape â€Å" is the case of Mukhatra BIBI, on June, 2002 the 30 years old Mukhtara BIBI was ganged raped on the order of the local jirga , because there was the accusation on his 12 year old brother that he raped an 18 years old girl ( 28th June 2005 , BBC News). According to the HRCP during the time period of one year January 1 2013 to December 31 2013 there are 510 females became victim of the honor killing and 359 victimized by Karo kari. These numbers and incidents clearly show why women have more negative attitude toward Jirga system. the overall attitude slightly inclined toward negative attitude toward jirga system the reason can be because the data was collected from the Universities the education level played important role in changing the view of the people from positive toward negative attitude. The findings of the research show that the view of the people is changing toward jirga system, the level just world belief shows that females of our society are facing injustice. Females are more than 51% of our population to make our nation stronger it is necessary to give security and confidence to a huge part of the population. Limitations and suggestions: The main limitation of the study was the limited resources and the safety conditions of the country which prohibited the researcher to go further in the rural ares and collect data .To measure the attitude toward jirga system conducting the interviews could give more details views and results. The sample was collected from the Gandhara university Peshawer , it can benefited the study if data was also collated from rural areas e KPK and other provinces where jirga system is also very common . The direct interviews from the victimized females can benefited the study by giving the more insight about the psychological condition and the level of JWB among those females. Implications of the Findings: The findings have very important implications, it is shown by the results that females are clear victims of the jirga system and they clearly showed negative attitude toward this system, authorities should take serious steps toward this jirga system which is clearly violating the rights of the women, secondly women shows low level on Just World Belief , which indicates that women who are more 51% of the population are very insecure and victimized by the unjust Law system and biased society if authorities doesn’t take any proper steps to give security and justices to the women then it will make our society more week and vulnerable. References: Daily Jung , Multan , Pakistan . 22-1-2007. Al-Juzairi, A.R . (1977) . Kitabul Fiqah Ala Mazahib elarab, translated by Manzoor Abassi, Publication sector, Aqff dept. Lahore. PAksitan HRCP , KILLINGS (add it in intro) Tirmizi.(Aprial, 22, 2011) ,Mukhtara Mai: story of extraordinary courage. The express Tribune. Anonymous. (21 aprial, 2011), Pakistan : acquittals in Mukhtara Mai gang rape case. BBCNews, south Asia.(add it in intro) Add research : a social custom Vanni intro and critical analysis. (Add it in intro it’s online.) Rape myth acceptance and just world belief , Rebecca m. hayes , Katherine and kirstin A Bell.(find it online add in references and research in literature reviews)

Hidden Meaning of Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The play Othello is a tale of jealousy, revenge, and deception. Iago, a disgruntled military officer, in a quest for revenge against Othello, lies, cheats, and bullys everyone around in order to get what he wants. He uses Roderigo, Brabantio, and just about every other character in the play to attain his goal of ruining Othello. This summary is what the play might seem like to the unseeing eye, but to the indepth and trained reader there is more to the story then first appears. To truly understand Othello, or any play for that matter, you have to think about what happened before the play that brought about the situations you read. You have to think about the relationships that existed betweeen all the characters. You have to imagine Roderigos passion for Desdemona, picture Brabantios contempt for Othello, envision the jealousy and distrust that existed between Desdemona and Othello before Iago arrived on the scene. All of those factors were there before Iago put his scheme into action, he didnÕt create the natural tension between all the players. He merely made all of those already dangerous relationships fatal. IÕm not saying that Iago was not at fault in Othello, IÕm just saying that he didnÕt create the scenario, he just ignited it. One of the main factors in Othello is Roderigo, Iagos half witted right hand man. Roderigo is the person who supplies Iago with money, and is also the person who at the end of the book tries to murder Cassio. The reason that he tries to murder Cassio is because Iago convinces him that Cassio is Desdemonas adulterous lover. The reason this angers Roderigo to the point of murder is because he is in love with Desdemona. His desperate and imagined passion for Othellos wife is what ultimately drives him to kill another human being. It may seem at first that Iago made him act how he acted, but his motivation was actually his love for Desdemona. Iago did not ceate Roderigos love for Desdemona, he merely channeled it. You learn of Roderigos love for Desdemona in the first act of the first scene, when Brabantio(Desdemonas father) sees Roderigo outside of his window. The worser welcome. I have charged thee not to haunt about my doors. In honest plainness thou hast heard me say My daughter is not for thee.

Imperialistic Attitude Conveyed in Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels

One must sometimes wonder what an ideal utopian world would be like. The first things to come to mind would probably rather trivial, such as golden roads, chocolate fountains, etc. However, the underlying core of what a utopian society would be like is one that would have an abundance of two seemingly unknown words, morality and humanity. Morality and humanity would be the greatest grace for any society to have, for any government to be driven by. Sadly, this is usually not, nor has it really ever been, the case. Instead, government is run by a largely imperialistic attitude. That is, whatever can satisfy the greed and hunger of a nation is what matters, not the inhumane suffering that follows afterwards. This imperialistic and dehumanized attitude is both explicitly and implicitly shown in two great novels, Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels and Voltaire’s Candide, along with some lesser known but no less important stories. Not only is this corrupt imperialism expressed as a whole in these writings, but also in its more detailed aspects, such as globalization of empire, racism, and slavery in a literal and metaphorical sense. The first aspect, empirical globalization, is one that has been rampant for all of the past to the present. By globalization, I do not merely mean exploring another country in a peaceful, knowledge-seeking manner- I wish that were the case. In speaking of this, I am speaking of that which is exemplified so well in the Spanish conquistadors in America, the â€Å"noble† conqueror and king Alexander the Great, and so many more nations and figureheads to mention. These people were and seemingly still are venerated as heroes for finding knew lands, â€Å"taking them†, and becoming incredibly wealthy off those lands res... ...m going on about such things as dehumanization and apathy in speaking of mass imperialism and globalization, but all of these are tied together. The very simple reason for the â€Å"exploitation of man by man for economic gain† is that many people do not care for the lives of anyone but themselves. Others are simply seen as insects that can be used and thrown out. Just property gone bad! All throughout history, humans have sought to create their own utopias. Doing this, most times, ends up creating mass globalizations, imperialism, and xenophobic ideals. Mark Twain said it best, â€Å"I am quite sure that I have no race prejudices, and I think I have no color prejudices nor caste prejudices nor creed prejudices. Indeed, I know it. I can stand any society. All that I care to know is that a man is a human being- that is enough for me; he can’t be any worse† (229).

Elements of Literary Analysis

Elements of literary analysis Plot Summary Setting Character Analysis Theme Symbolism and Metaphor Conflict Moral Plot Summary The narrative structure of a story is divided into 5 parts. Organize, by list or diagram, the events of the story into the following points using as few words as possible. (Complicated stories may have multiple turning points. ) #1 Exposition (introduction) Introduces the main characters, setting, and conflict. #2 Rising Action (conflict complicated) Secondary conflicts arise. Secondary adversaries hold protagonist back from his goal. 3 Climax (turning point) The turning point, for better or worse, in the protagonists affairs. When we first realize the conflict will be resolved. #4 Falling Action (loose ends tied up) Headed towards resolution, maybe with a final moment of suspense. #5 Denouement (conclusion) Characters return to normal state or resolution. May close with marriage or death. Setting The setting for a story includes the time, place, and social r eality with in the story. Also includes how time passes with in the text.The historical and social context in which the story was written should also be considered. Each tale is a product of its time and place. The author’s biographical info can also be considered as context. Character Analysis Map the story’s characters by type Protagonist: The main character(s) that causes a sympathetic reaction from the reader. Also the character that moves the action in the story forward. The protagonist is not always the primary focal character in the story (see below). Focal Character: The focal character may be easily confused with the protagonist.The key difference is a reader should feel sympathetic towards the protagonist where as a focal character will trigger excitement and interest but not an emotional response. (Ex: Sherlock Holmes is a focal character) Deuteragonist: The second most important character in the text, often the side-kick. (Ex. Ron Weasley in Harry Potter se ries) Tritagonist: The third most important character in the text. (Ex. Hermione in Harry Potter series) Antagonist: Character or group that opposes the protagonist. Often the villain but not always a character that is aware that they oppose. (Ex: Voldamort in Harry Potter.Ex 2: Patriarchal society in Jane Austen or Bronte novels) Adversaries: Secondary to the antagonist, also opposes protagonist or focal character. Foil Characters: Character opposites who highlight the differences between themselves, the protagonist, or the different routes the protagonist may take. Narrator: Consider the narrator of the story as he/she relates to the characters. Narration may be 1rst person, 3rd person limited, or 3rd person omniscient. Is the narrator reliable or unreliable? Theme Themes are the subjects and topics addressed in the story. Not to be confused with the Conflict or the Moral.Common themes include: Friendship-Family-Individuality-Prejudice-Growing Up-Society-Love-Marriage-Lies/Deceit- Fear-Morality-Compassion/Sympathy-Justic e-Foolishness/Folly-Greed-Courage-Money-Class-Memory-Isolation-Gender-Education-Religion-Death-Nature-Ageing-Revenge-Madness-Art/Culture-Jealousy-Dreams-Innocence Symbolism and Metaphor Separate from classifying the characters as literary types, you can decide if each or any of the characters symbolize something greater than themselves, a universal type, theme, vice or virtue. A metaphor compares two distinctly different objects pointing out how the are alike.Symbolism uses a person, place or thing to stand for a complex abstract idea, truth, feeling, or experience. Both metaphor and symbolism are used to create a new and deeper meaning beyond the surface text. Look for symbolism and metaphor in inanimate objects, weather, nature, colors, politics, religion, architecture, and art within the art (ie: references to other books, painting, etc) Conflict The Conflict is the challenge that the Protagonist and/or Focal character faces. A conflict ma y be internal, relational, or external. Universal conflicts include:Character Vs Self – Character Vs Nature – Character Vs Society Character Vs Character – Character Vs Supernatural – Character Vs Fate Moral From the author’s perspective, the moral of the story is the message about the human condition, or the world that we live in, that he/she hopes to illustrate with the text. The reader may arrive at the author’s moral with a careful analysis of character, setting, theme, symbolism, and conflict. A reader may also see a completely different moral than the author, based on his or her own experiences. As Oscar Wilde said, â€Å"in art there is no such thing as a universal truth†. Elements of Literary Analysis Elements of literary analysis Plot Summary Setting Character Analysis Theme Symbolism and Metaphor Conflict Moral Plot Summary The narrative structure of a story is divided into 5 parts. Organize, by list or diagram, the events of the story into the following points using as few words as possible. (Complicated stories may have multiple turning points. ) #1 Exposition (introduction) Introduces the main characters, setting, and conflict. #2 Rising Action (conflict complicated) Secondary conflicts arise. Secondary adversaries hold protagonist back from his goal. 3 Climax (turning point) The turning point, for better or worse, in the protagonists affairs. When we first realize the conflict will be resolved. #4 Falling Action (loose ends tied up) Headed towards resolution, maybe with a final moment of suspense. #5 Denouement (conclusion) Characters return to normal state or resolution. May close with marriage or death. Setting The setting for a story includes the time, place, and social r eality with in the story. Also includes how time passes with in the text.The historical and social context in which the story was written should also be considered. Each tale is a product of its time and place. The author’s biographical info can also be considered as context. Character Analysis Map the story’s characters by type Protagonist: The main character(s) that causes a sympathetic reaction from the reader. Also the character that moves the action in the story forward. The protagonist is not always the primary focal character in the story (see below). Focal Character: The focal character may be easily confused with the protagonist.The key difference is a reader should feel sympathetic towards the protagonist where as a focal character will trigger excitement and interest but not an emotional response. (Ex: Sherlock Holmes is a focal character) Deuteragonist: The second most important character in the text, often the side-kick. (Ex. Ron Weasley in Harry Potter se ries) Tritagonist: The third most important character in the text. (Ex. Hermione in Harry Potter series) Antagonist: Character or group that opposes the protagonist. Often the villain but not always a character that is aware that they oppose. (Ex: Voldamort in Harry Potter.Ex 2: Patriarchal society in Jane Austen or Bronte novels) Adversaries: Secondary to the antagonist, also opposes protagonist or focal character. Foil Characters: Character opposites who highlight the differences between themselves, the protagonist, or the different routes the protagonist may take. Narrator: Consider the narrator of the story as he/she relates to the characters. Narration may be 1rst person, 3rd person limited, or 3rd person omniscient. Is the narrator reliable or unreliable? Theme Themes are the subjects and topics addressed in the story. Not to be confused with the Conflict or the Moral.Common themes include: Friendship-Family-Individuality-Prejudice-Growing Up-Society-Love-Marriage-Lies/Deceit- Fear-Morality-Compassion/Sympathy-Justic e-Foolishness/Folly-Greed-Courage-Money-Class-Memory-Isolation-Gender-Education-Religion-Death-Nature-Ageing-Revenge-Madness-Art/Culture-Jealousy-Dreams-Innocence Symbolism and Metaphor Separate from classifying the characters as literary types, you can decide if each or any of the characters symbolize something greater than themselves, a universal type, theme, vice or virtue. A metaphor compares two distinctly different objects pointing out how the are alike.Symbolism uses a person, place or thing to stand for a complex abstract idea, truth, feeling, or experience. Both metaphor and symbolism are used to create a new and deeper meaning beyond the surface text. Look for symbolism and metaphor in inanimate objects, weather, nature, colors, politics, religion, architecture, and art within the art (ie: references to other books, painting, etc) Conflict The Conflict is the challenge that the Protagonist and/or Focal character faces. A conflict ma y be internal, relational, or external. Universal conflicts include:Character Vs Self – Character Vs Nature – Character Vs Society Character Vs Character – Character Vs Supernatural – Character Vs Fate Moral From the author’s perspective, the moral of the story is the message about the human condition, or the world that we live in, that he/she hopes to illustrate with the text. The reader may arrive at the author’s moral with a careful analysis of character, setting, theme, symbolism, and conflict. A reader may also see a completely different moral than the author, based on his or her own experiences. As Oscar Wilde said, â€Å"in art there is no such thing as a universal truth†.

Motion Sickness In Naval Environment Health And Social Care Essay

The intent of this paper is to find a sensible attack to pull offing gesture illness in Canadian Naval forces. Management of gesture illness in a naval environment is really of import. The coming of new engineering, assorted gender, multicultural, and smaller crew sizes mean that the effects of gesture illness on the crew straight affects the mission capableness of a modern war vessel. The pathophysiology of mal de mer and gesture illness in general remains ill understood. In general, gesture illness is thought to be a miscommunication and nervous mismatch syndrome. This account does non to the full explicate why weariness occurs in concurrence with gesture illness or why gesture illness is so variable in different individuals under the same conditions. Seasickness can be efficaciously managed utilizing combinations of workspace alteration, non-prescription drugs, prescription drugs, and addiction. There is no 1 combination that is universally effectual nevertheless there is a demand for the practician to hold a good thought of when to modify a intervention mode for a peculiar sea province or patients demands.IntroductionModern ships and smaller crews have a high impact when the crew is unable to execute basic and complex maps when they become helpless due to gesture illness. Anyone who has of all time treated a patient who is actively or inveterate airsick can sympathize with the patient feeling that they would wish to decease so the mal de mer would travel off. In the Canadian Navy a patient needs to show a history of chronic mal de mer in order to be moved to a new trade and considered to be for good unfit for naval service. This frequently is non done until the member has been to the full trained and can take two to three old ag es of sailing to happen ensuing in a great trade of wretchedness for the patient and a big investing in clip, preparation, and money on the portion of the Canadian Forces. The intent of this paper is to reexamine the pathophysiology of gesture illness and depict an grounds based attack to the direction of mal de mer utilizing both pharmacological and non pharmacologically based interventions presently available to CF Health Services Personnel. It will besides briefly explore ergonomic alterations to alleviate the symptoms of Motion Sickness. With the coming of modern ship design, crew composing has evolved to hold fewer and really extremely specialised forces responsible for runing the combat platform of today. For illustration, during World War II the crew of a Frigate had 141 forces ( 1 ) who were responsible for the safe operation of the ship. The WWII frigate had half the supplanting and far less than half the capableness and engineering of a modern war vessel of a similar category. The crews were all male and chiefly Caucasian. In 2010 a Canadian Patrol Frigate with a supplanting of 5235 dozenss has a minimal crew of 180 with 45 transeunt forces for a sum of 225 who are responsible for the care and operation of the war vessel ( 2 ) . Motion illness can impact anyplace from 1 % to 100 % of a crew depending on conditions and the status of the H2O surface they travel on. The much smaller crew who are critical to the direction of combat, ego defence, and life support systems become helpless and the whole system of a combat platform is affected. ( Find impact of mal de mer on contending effectivity in article ) The bulk of the literature discusses the direction of gesture illness in the context of short exposures such as sail ship travel, air travel, and infinite travel.Pathophysiology of gesture illnessArgwal et Al ( 2003 ) . , late reiterated that gesture illness still remains ailing understood but is still by and large thought to be caused by nervous input mismatch ( 3 ) . It is besides the place of this writer that some of the symptoms of gesture illness can non be explained to the full by this place. For illustration why does gesture illness consequence in sickness and emesis and non some other symptoms alternatively? This account besides fails to explicate specifically why gesture illness causes sleepiness. Besides it fails to explicate the variableness between different topics susceptibleness to gesture illness under similar fortunes.Definition of mal de merSeasickness is normally described as a feeling of sickness, tummy consciousness, and unwell while on or in H2O both fresh and sa lt H2O. This type of gesture illness is considered to be a normal response to the perceptual experience of gesture whether the gesture is existent or non. For illustration, a individual can go ill on the span of a ship in unsmooth sea or while utilizing a stationary simulator with traveling images on a picture screen even though their organic structure and the platform they are standing on is non traveling.Mal de debarquement SyndromeMal de debarquement Syndrome ( MdDS ) is deserving brief treatment in this paper as it is a status that affects people who have been exposed to gesture illness arousing stimulations yet they still have gesture illness symptoms after remotion of the stimulation. It has deductions in the context of a naval environment as it seems to commonly affect in-between age people ( 4 ) ( 5 ) and can be rather enfeebling. CF Health Services Staff may be presented with patients showing with MdDS given our aging recruit population, and troubles bring forthing staff fo r ships ensuing in the usage of more shore based â€Å" replacement staff † particularly in the back uping trade functions. Some of the older members of the crew of a modern ship may be at hazard for MdDS. The symptoms of MdDS that concern clinicians chiefly are non the transient symptoms that are common for the first few yearss on land after a long sail as described by YH Cha et Al ( 4 ) and Gordon et Al ( 6 ) . Patients with MdDS typically present chiefly with a relentless esthesis of gesture after several yearss removal from a gesture that would normally arouse gesture illness ( 4 ) . Other symptoms may include concerns and sensitiveness to ocular gesture. The symptoms can last from a few hebdomads to many old ages. Fact-finding testing and rating do non uncover any physical causative factor to explicate the symptoms of the patient ( 4 ) . Death from mal de mer? – one history of decease from mal de mer in oil rig catastrophe Questions to be posed: What are the physiological effects of purging and mal de mer? What are the effects of moderate mal de mer on operators of complicated machinery? What is the most effectual manner to handle gesture illness on a naval ship? Divers in a hyperbaric chamber at sea. Aircrew at sea. Aircrew? Divers? Ships Crew? Describe the differences between Sea and air and gesture illness. Cruise ship stabilisation methods, ship design, human factors. Mythbusters section on gesture illness. Treatments Drug Treatments presently in usage in the CF ( 7 ) The CF Formulary contains the fol drugs that are indicated in the direction of Motion illness. Gravol Many readyings avail Common prescription for direction of mal de mer Bonamine Meclazine HCL is used. Its monograph provinces in indicants for the usage in the intervention of XXXXX. It was found anecdotally by the writer that it is frequently used and prescribed falsely as one tablet twice daily instead than the sanctioned one to two tablets one time daily in the monograph in some surveies it was besides prescribed as XXXX.Reappraisal of the LiteratureA reappraisal of the literature was done to reply some basic inquiries that would be valuable to explicating an attack to pull offing mal de mer in a naval environment.Can you decease from mal de mer?one decease has beenDoes degree of physical fittingness have an impact on gesture illness?Curiously, topics with high degrees of aerophilic fitness study less symptoms of gesture illness but have higher rates of patterned advance to purging than topics with lower aerophilic fittingness degrees ( 8 ) . Cheung et Al. ( 9 ) looked at why and concluded that tolerance to vestibular gesture decreases as aerophilic fittingn ess additions.Does ethnicity or gender have an consequence on gesture illness?It is by and large thought that ethnicity and gender may hold an impact on an person ‘s gesture illness sensitiveness. Klosterhalfen et al. , studied the consequence of ethnicity and gender on gesture illness susceptibleness ( 10 ) . Specifically they looked at whether gender and cultural ethnicity are interacting. 227 Caucasic and 82 topics of Chinese beginning, both male and female were exposed to nausea bring oning organic structure rotary motions in a rotary motion chair. They experienced five exposures of 1 min each with 1 min breaks between exposures. They were instructed to shut their eyes and travel their caputs up and down every 6 seconds by an audiotape. Campaigners could discontinue at any clip and the entire rotary motion clip was noted. Prior to rotary motion, topics were instructed to make full out a Gesture Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire ( MSSQ ) . Individual symptom evaluations were performed at the beginning and terminal of exposure and 15 and 30 min subsequently. The consequences of the survey indicated that the mean rotary motion clip was higher in Caucasic than in Chinese t opics. It besides indicated that the rotary motion clip could be predicted from the MSSQ information. The decision of the survey is that gesture illness susceptibleness is affected by both cultural beginning and by gender in a complex manner. The most dependable anticipation of rotary motion could be based on the person ‘s history as assessed by the MSSQ. JE Bos et Al ( 11 ) . observed in the literature that females were 1.4 to 1.7 times more susceptible sea illness and found similar rates in the other manners of transit. They found merely 3 studies contradictory of the consequences of the surveies reviewed. After a reappraisal of the ferry and sail ship informations in their survey they concluded that gender has an impact on a individuals susceptibleness to seasickness. Talk about the Singapore navy testWhat is the impact of ship design on gesture illness?Dobie ( 12 ) looked at the design of ships and how worlds interact with their sophisticated systems. Whole organic structure quiver, gesture induced weariness and noise all affect the organic structure and lessening effectivity in a complex machine. He concluded that the human component must be considered in the design of ships at an early phase in the procedure. The vas should be considered to be a person-machine that operates as a system and effectual design make an effectual system.Can desensitization minimise effects of gesture illness?What drugs could be used to minimise the effects of mal de mer?There have been many surveies of the medicines that could be used to pull off gestures sickness. This paper will look at the 1s that are available in Canada. Of note one of the more studied[ 1 ]( 13 ) ( 14 ) ( 15 ) is dextroamphetamine ( used for terrible symptoms ) and it is non indicated for usage i n the direction of gesture illness but shows a batch of promise for terrible symptoms. one field survey on the effectivity of anti-motion illness drugs ( 16 ) found that hyoscine, Antivert, Dramamine, and accupressure in order of effectivity helped riders on a sail from Argentina to the Antarctic Peninsula. Again the exposure was merely 3 yearss but the conditions was terrible ( gale force air currents with 9m crestless waves ) . What medicines are available to battle gesture illness in the CF pharmacopeia? Dimenhydrinate Meclizine Scopalamine Dextroamphetamine Use of scopalamine Schupak et al. , studied the long term effects of transdermic hyoscine ( Transderm-V ) to measure its long term effectivity in the bar of mal de mer ( 17 ) . 68 healthy male crew members age 18 to 20 were given a scopolamine spot eight hours before each seafaring. Two spots were applied per hebdomad with an interval of 24 hours before application of a new spot every 72 hours. Checkups were made every three months over a period of three old ages. The mean seasickness badness ( on a graduated table of 0 to 7 ) after six months at sea prior to the spot was 5.64, as compared to 3.14 station application. Significant betterment was besides found in ego evaluated public presentation at sea while utilizing the spot. Contact dermatitis prevented the usage of transdermic hyoscine in 3 ( 4.4 % ) subjects. The lone other important side consequence was waterlessness of the mucose membranes. The entire figure of yearss the topics had been have oning the spot is non mentioned. The writers concluded that transdermic hyoscine was effectual in the bar of mal de mer and betterment of public presentation at sea during three old ages of followup, everyday application is non complicated either by terrible side effects by public presentation perturbations. How long can you utilize the spot? cite Israeli defense force Singapore navy tests at sea for scop. Use of ondansetron Herskovitz et al. , studied ondansetron for the bar of mal de mer in susceptible crewmans ( 18 ) . 16 voluntaries with normal physical test findings and no old history of interior ear disease or dizziness took portion in a double-blind randomized crossing over survey. The participants practiced computerize public presentation trials until the consequences were stabilized. Ondansetron 8 milligram or placebo was administered two hours before sailing aboard a 500 ton naval vas in mild sea conditions. Participants did public presentation testing and completed a questionnaire measuring their illness symptoms four hours into the ocean trip. The consequence was that there was no statistically important decrease of mal de mer symptoms between the drug intervention and placebo. The decision of this survey is that ondansetron was non found to be good in the intervention of mal de mer.Non medicative interventionsAcupressure and acustimulation Miller and Muth examined the efficaciousness of G-Jo and acustimulation for the bar of gesture illness ( 19 ) . Their survey used the Accubanda„? and ReliefBanda„? G-Jo and acustimulation device to excite the Neiguan ( P6 ) stylostixis point. Their topics were assigned to one of five groups: Accubanda„? trained or untrained ; ReliefBanda„? trained or untrained ; or placebo. Subjects were exposed to 20 min baseline period and 20 min of optokinetic membranophone rotary motion. The untrained topics read the device waies used as they felt appropriate so completed a serviceability analysis after membranophone exposure. Trained topics read the device waies and so were trained to utilize device and so had their exposures. The topic symptoms and stomachic myoelectric activity were monitored during the baseline and membranophone rotary motion periods. There were 77 topics, 19 work forces and 61 adult females, runing from the 18 to 27 old ages of age. In this survey the symptoms of gesture illness and stomachic myoelectric activity increased in all groups taking the research workers to reason that the lone existent difference between conditions was a hold in oncoming of symptoms for ReliefBanda„? compared to Accubanda„? . This survey demonstrated that no G-Jo, acustimulation, or placebo intervention eliminated the symptoms of gesture illness. The ReliefBanda„? while potentially detaining the symptoms would merely be good for short periods of clip if at all. This research was conducted in the lab and non a shipboard environment over an drawn-out period of clip. Bertolucci et Al. conducted in oceangoing survey with a little group of nine voluntaries off the seashore of San Francisco Bay ( 20 ) . Their decision was that gesture illness symptoms were suppressed by the usage of an acustimulation device. His group size was little and needs to be demonstrated with the larger group. Ginger Ergonomic alterations Positioning of watchkeeping Stationss Chair make-up Artificial skylines INTRAVENOUS TherapyDiscussionColwell ( 21 ) identified five â€Å" human factors technology rules † in the direction of gesture illness: â€Å" 1. Locate critical Stationss near the ship ‘s effectual centre of rotary motion ; 2. Minimize caput motions ; 3. Align operators with a rule axis of the ship ‘s hull ; 4. Avoid uniting provocative beginnings ; and 5. Supply and external frame of mention. † Head motion in concurrence with gesture contributes to gesticulate sickness esthesis as can be demonstrated by the surveies performed by Miller ( 19 ) , Cheung et Al ( 22 ) , and others. If this is the instance so more often used proctors and input devices should be placed in forepart of watchkeepers so that vigorous caput motions need non be employed to keep effectual watchkeeping. Besides by adding a high backed chair with a head restraint you have the extra input of the skin centripetal contact of the dorsum of the chair and caput to assist antagonize the nervous input mismatch. If nervous input mismatch contributes significantly to gesture illness symptomology ( 3 ) ( 2 ) it seems that it would be sensible to add stimulations that would assist screen out the â€Å" mismatch † . For illustration, on modern war vessels everything is tied, bolted down, or otherwise secured so that it does non travel. This is to forestall harm or hurt from motion at an inopportune clip such as an detonation or utmost maneuvering. This besides leads to no ocular stimulation of motion for the crew thereby increasing input mismatch. Addition of unreal skylines within the field of vision of the crew has the possible to minimise this consequence. These could be a simple as a twine with a weight on it or a balance beam ( unreal skyline ) with subdued illuming on it. This is an country that could be studied in more deepness The literature on the usage of ginger for gesture illness is mixedas to it ‘s efficaciousness for sickness and â€Å" tummy consciousness † . There does non look to be a good survey that would compare the effectivity of ginger on the type of terrible, long term exposure to gesture that would formalize ginger as an effectual gesture illness counterpoison for naval personel. It would be interesting to set together a proper test in a realistic environment and set this issue to rest for naval forces. Decision Seasickness and related gesture provoked unwellness are a complicated issue that requires effectual direction in the face of assorted gender, multi-ethnic, little crew sizes on modern Canadian war vessels. Seasickness has been looked at extensively in the context of comparatively short exposures both on land in the lab environment, and at sea. More work remains to be done on the fol: gather grounds of efficaciousness of medicines used to pull off MSickness in the field. gather grounds of efficaciousness of desensitisation as a direction tool in the field Expression at the efficaciousness of unreal skylines in work Stationss. Given the grounds presented in the literature, it is likely that the undermentioned protocol would be an effectual program to pull off a patient with mal de mer on a naval ship: a. patient nowadayss with known gesture illness history. 1 usage gravol xx milligram twenty hours prior to exposure. keep Mild moderate terrible Management of mal de mer demands to take into history the sea province, the length of the needed exposure to gesture, the badness of unwellness in the patient and the occupations they are required to execute as portion of their responsibilities at sea. Pharmaceutical direction of mal de mer demands to include the disposal of an appropriate anti emetic good in progress of exposure when possible, so that the drug is absorbed before the subsequent emesis prevents equal soaking up of medicine to forestall the more terrible symptoms of mal de mer. Figure 1 lists the medicines available to practicians in the CF. Combination of medicine is indicated when one medicine entirely fails to command symptoms adequately. The hyoscine readyings are the â€Å" standard † by which most anti gesture illness medicines are evaluated against. Most surveies involved in measuring medicines for forestalling seasickness include a scopolamine readying of some kind. Scopolamine spots used by the Canadian Forces need to be applied right and proper manus rinsing completed after application to forestall inadvertent contact with conjunctiva and the end point blurry vision and uncomfortableness to the patient. Scopolamine spots may be used efficaciously for long periods of clip ( 17 ) ( 23 ) but should be discontinued when possible to let the patient to use to gesture. When utilizing spots for long periods of clip it is sensible to wait 24hrs before using a new spot ( 17 ) and sites should be rotated between L and R mastoid procedure. More research is required to measure direction of gesture illness with respect to assorted gender, multi-ethnic crews, with long gesture exposures on naval ships. The bulk of information in the literature associating to female mal de mer is based on retrospective questionnaire based surveies of sail ship riders on reasonably short sails. It would be interesting and valuable to look at a survey of the impact of mal de mer on job/mission public presentation of the smaller Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel ( MCDV ) Fleets and the larger Patrol Frigates ( CPF ) and Destroyer Fleets on both seashores now that the crews of all these fleets are much more diverse than the last clip this was looked at by Colwell in 1989 ( 21 ) .How does Mal de debarquement syndrome tantrum into the gesture illness spectrum?Cha ( 4 ) , and Parker ( 5 ) took a retrospective expression at instances of MdD in an effort to quantify its natual history and clinical characteristics ( 4 ) and suggest a class of intervention to get down with ( 5 ) . Notes: Cha ( 4 ) – 64 patients in the survey – basically normal test and trials -boat travel the most common trigger ( 81 % of instances looked at ) -median age at first onslaught was 38yo and 75 % were female–Figure 1: Drugs available in CF H Svc Formulary ( 7 ) shown to be effecive in the direction of Motion Sickness. Drug Drug Identification Number ( DIN ) Time interval required prior to exposure Recommended dosage Dose frequence Notes Dose Dextroamphetamine[ 2 ] 5mg 00001924516 1-2 hour 5-10 milligram q 4-6 H Particular mandate required through CFDEC[ 3 ] 10mg 00001924559 15mg 00001924567 Dimenhydrinate 1-2 hour 50-100 milligram q 4-6 H Multiple readyings avail Meclizine 25mg 00220442 2 hour 25-50 milligram q 6-24h When current supply depleted will no longer be available/manufactured for Canada Promethazine 25mg/ml inj 00000575178 1.5 – 2 hour 25 milligram q 4-6 hour 25mg unwritten 00000575178 Scopolamine Patch 1.5mg ( 1 milligram delivered over three yearss ( 24 ) ) 8 hour One spot behind ear Change every 72 hour TransDerm V