Statistical Methods in Economics and Business Essay

Statistical Methods in Economics and Business - Essay Example A standard made by the institution. Now the conductors of the study have thought of using British Studies Program to see whether or not students will excel in the said aspect. Students form 10 institutions have attended to participate in the study and together with them, the faculty gets to supervise and coordinate with what are being offered by the Program. As a brief background of the British Studies Program, it offers business courses such as accounting and economics and non - business courses like the Legend of King Arthur and the Geography of Great Britain. The objective of the program regarding the study is that students are to be: As what can be observed from the design formulated form the study, we can clearly and able to see the changes or improvements made by the subject students so we can say that it is an appropriate design. A very systematic approach to the study and almost no subjectivity involved. At the beginning, those who conduct the study, of course, hypothesized that the program gives some significant positive effect on the students, but in conforming with technicality of using statistics to assess the subject to see any progress made, they just gave a hypothesis th

FMC Aberdeen Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FMC Aberdeen Organizational Behavior - Essay Example The major issue in the structure of Green River hampering growth and affecting profitability is its authoritative management, bureaucratic culture and non-sharing of information, views and needs of the company by the employees between themselves and the management. But there is a system of hierarchy, which makes the views and ideas to produce a chain reaction, but the speed with which the reaction was occurring was not enough for the growth of the company. Hence an effective communication enabling system of structure and culture should be adopted by the management to make green river stand on the lines of Aberdeen. The crucial success factors are enthusiasm, emotional attachment with the company's growth prospects, career enhancement opportunities and performance based incentive appraisal system of and for the employees. First the employees must be assembled into groups and teams which make communication between different departments possible. This is necessary because when the finance department is ignorant of R&D's needs, it will be a suicidal aspect for the company in the long term, for the hampering in R&D work will effect the company's efficiency negatively. Similarly when purchase department is havin... This can be made possible making teams with employees from different departments and directly reporting to the Managers about the changes and needs of and in the company. These implementations will affect the profitability, ability and efficiency of the company positively provided they work in an environment that is conducive. The personal prejudices should not influence the appraisal process. The appraisal process may regard to the needs of R&D, purchase, and marketing. When the needs of customers and clients were not genuinely communicated to R&D wing - it never matters how high the personnel of that department may excel the company will never be able to deliver according to the needs of its customers. When the purchase department does not communicate with other departments the needs and necessities of those are not addressed properly and it in turn hampers the performance of employees and profitability of the Company. When the employees playing crucial role in the marketing department are more interested in technical matters the marketing done by the company will be just an artifact but never delivers. But in the Green River the teams and groups, which are a symbolic representation of modern corporate culture, which reduces the authoritativeness by improving conduciveness, responsibility and accountability, cannot be implemented overnight. The causes may be many. The ignorance and reluctance of employees and management to the new system, the employees placed in wrong places with regard of their interests, the absence of performance appraisal system which can make employee too mechanical regarding his work. These problems should be addressed in a phased manner. As a first step management

The cruise tourism

The cruise tourism INTRODUCTION Although cruise tourism started in the early 1920s, it became more popular in the last half of the 20th century especially for the middle-aged, affluent demographic mainly in North America. It was a way for them to revel in the sun during winter months while avoiding the crowded tourist spots. The industry has since seen tremendous change in fortunes and is now actually the fastest growing sector within the tourism industry with an annual growth rate averaging 8% since 1980 (Robertsen, 2010). The most popular destinations are as follows with the Caribbean taking the lions share at 50%, the Mediterranean 15%, Alaska 8%, the trans-Panama Canal has 6% of the traffic while west Mexico and northern Europe account for 5% and 4%. The South Pacific sees around 2% of the total cruise tourists. Around 80% of all cruise tourists come from North America although that figure is expected to decline as other markets catch up in the coming years. With estimated global revenue of 27 billion US dollar s and carrying approximately 18 million passengers around the globe, the cruise tourism industry is a major income earner for any economy. CRUISE TOURISM IN CHINA Although China currently sees around 10,000 cruise tourists in its ports in a year, the Chinese government is trying to institute measures to see this number go up to 600,000 passengers by the end of 2010 (Zhao, 2010). Some of the major hurdles that are seen as hampering the Chinese market include strenuous customs procedures, cabotage restrictions (a foreign flag ship is not allowed to call on more than a single Chinese port on one itinerary) and restrictions on Chinese cruise companies (Chinese companies cannot currently curry out cruise operations). Several events have helped to market China in the globe as well as increase the tourist numbers. One of them is the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The world financial crisis has also turned the worlds attention to China due to its improved infrastructure. This has benefited both outbound and inbound business numbers. Chinas growing economy and large middle class population is also seen as a target for large cruise ship companies and many of th em are already beginning to make China a key destination. In 2009 the Costa and Royal Caribbean International Cruises made bold moves by making Shanghai their home ports, increasing the travel options for Chinese cruise tourists. In fact the Cruise Industry News online magazine reports that Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan all reported double digit growth in the first months of 2010. CRUISE TOURISM IN EUROPE Cruise tourism in Europe in more developed than it is in China mainly because of its established ports and the distribution of income in European economies. G.P Wild report that about 2.5 million European nationals embarked on cruises from European ports (from a total of 2.8 million passengers) in 2005 while 13.1 million passengers visited European ports. They generated about 8.3 billion Euros in revenue, not counting the tremendous effect that the cruise industry has on other industries like ship building, restaurants, hotels and catering, sales and marketing, among others (2007). The cruising industry in Europe has been growing steadily over the years preceding the financial crisis leading to the dropping global share of the cruising traffic held by North America. This is because of the huge potential for cruise tourism in Europe. 3% of the North American population is cruising while it is 1% in Europe. This means that Europe has a greater potential for growth. Also, the new EU cit izens from Eastern Europe are pushing up the demand as their lifestyles continue to change with their changing economic conditions. While cruising was formally the preserve of the middle aged, new products have been introduced that attract children, young adults and even the elderly (Cartwright Baird, 1999). Ultimately, Europe offers the greatest growth potential in the cruise tourism industry. It offers the unique advantage that a large chunk of its population lives relatively near to the sea and so cruise liners see Europe as offering the biggest potential for growth. PERCEPTIONS OF EUROPEAN PASSENGERS In as much as there are many motives for taking a cruise, many traditional European passengers take cruises for reasons that can be summarized as the uniqueness of cruises. The perception of a cruise is that it gives them the opportunity to sample various locations in just one trip. Additionally, there is the common perception that one gets pampered on a cruise, treatment that they would not get anywhere else. Since the vast majority of Europeans have never taken a cruise, it is seen as something new and exciting. There are other opinions on cruising like; one can easily make friends on a cruise, one can shop for a variety of items, it is an opportunity to learn and it is the in thing in tourism right now (Mancini, 2004). Although the opinion of cruise tourism among Europeans is good, there is a problem with its uptake because of some perceptions. Some people view cruising as an activity for the rich. The growth of the industry in China has also been influenced by Chinese consumer behavior. Mr. Qian Yongchan, chairman of China Communications and Transportation Association, summarized the behavior of the Chinese like this: the young and middle aged seek a higher quality of living while large corporations will choose cruise tourism as a means of encouraging their employees or to develop relationships with their clients (2009). The rest of the Chinese population, it seems, is disinterested in this form of tourism. PERCEPTIONS AND BEHAVIOR OF CHINESE TOURISTS CONSUMER PERSEPTIONS Chinas sustained per capita GDP growth which now stands at 3,268 USD has led to the growth of an economically strong, young, middle class who want to enjoy luxury and opulence. Activities that were previously viewed as European are now being demanded. This has seen the growth of the many enterprises including tourism and cruise tourism in particular. Yongchan reports that the number of Chinese cruise tourists reached 93,000 in 2007 (2009). This goes to show that the perception of the Chinese tourist towards cruise tourism is changing. VALUES The modern Chinese tourist has begun to value diversity in their tourist products. Chinese tourists have ventured out of the traditional markets in Taiwan, Europe and North America to go into Africa, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. Cruise tours offer a good opportunity for them to do so. MOTIVATION The serge in Chinese tourist numbers is being motivated by the new found wealth of the common Chinese people, the growth of the middle class and the opening up of the Chinese market and economy. The Chinese governments increased economic and social obligations in the world are also propelling the Chinese to tour more of the globe. CULTURE EFFECTS The world tourism industry has become more acceptable to the Chinese culture. They now offer products that are not seen as excessive according to Chinese culture. Chinese ingenuity is also having a significant effect on the industry. COMPARISON OF CHINESE AND EUROPEAN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR The modern Chinese tourist does not differ much from the European tourist. Information technology makes certain that both consumers have access to the same information. Popular culture propagated by the media also means that the demands, like and dislikes of both sets of consumers is similar. Nevertheless, the Chinese tourist differs from the European in their experience. Europeans have been at this game for a long time while the market in China is just being opened up. Their expectations also differ in the sense that the Chinese tourist is more conservative than their European counterparts. For example, while casinos may be a big attraction to a European tourist, it may not pull in the crowds in China. POTENTIAL CHINESE MARKET FOR CRUISING The per capita GDP of the main Chinese coastal cities have grown to levels the same as those of medium developed economies. These will provide a strong foundation for passenger liner tourism in the future for Chinas outbound cruise tourism. Its strong economic performance will be another asset (Yongchan, 2009). Chinas diverse and scenic landscape will ensure that tourist numbers keep going up in the future and the plans instituted by the Chinese Transport and Communications Association to improve cruise tourism in the country will also see it rise to one of the top destinations offered by cruise liners (Dervaes, 2003). BENEFITS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHINESE MARKET TO THE EUROPEAN MARKET Will the development of the cruise industry in China help Europe sell cruises to Chinese markets? The simple answer is yes. Development of the industry will not only benefit the Chinese market but Europe, North America and the whole cruise industry. Development of Chinese ports and shipbuilding industry will help the global industry by providing alternatives in the sector; the Chinese market will provide a new bracket of tourists while China itself will be a new destination for cruises from around the world. REFERENCES Cartwright, Rodger Carolyn Baird (1999). The Development and Growth of the Cruise Industry. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Dervaes, Claudine (2003). Selling Cruises. New York, USA: Cengage Learning. Dowling, Kingston (2006). Cruise Ship Tourism. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing. Golden, Fran W. Jerry Brown (2002). European Cruises Ports of Call. Hungry Minds. Hannafin, Matt Heidi Sarna (2004). Frommers Cruises Ports of Call 2005: From U.S. and Canada Home Ports to the Caribbean, Alaska, Hawaii More. John Wiley Sons. Ludmer, Larry H. (2002). Cruising the Mediterranean: A Guide to the Ports of Call. Montreal, Canada: Hunter Publishing. Mancini, Marc (2004). Cruising: A Guide to the Cruise Line Industry. New York, USA: Cengage Learning. Maxtone-Graham, John (2000). Cruise Savvy: An Invaluable Primer for First Time Passengers. New York, USA: Sheridan House, Inc. Maxtone-Graham, John (2001). Liners to the Sun. New York, USA: Sheridan House, Inc. Stern, Steven B. (1997). Sterns Guide to the Cruise Vacation. 7th ed. Pelican Publishing Co. Robertsen, Graeme (2010). Cruise Ship Tourism Industry. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://www.lighthouse-foundation.org/index.php?id=112L=1 China Hospitality News (2009). Marketing MICE Cruises in China. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://www.chinahospitalitynews.com/en/2009/01/05/9635-marketing-mice-cruises-in-china/ Yongchang, Qian.(2009). The New Age of China Cruise Industry is Coming. Retrieved 2020-05-05 from http://www.ccyia.com/index.php/industry/viewen/1280 Zhao, Paul (2010).Chinas Cruise Industry is Growing Fast. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://prlog.org/10560599 G.P> Wild (International) Limited and Business Research and Economic Advisers (2007). Contribution of Cruise Tourism to the Economies of Europe Cruise Industry News (2010). Upward Trend for International Tourism. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://www.cruiseindustrynews.com/cruise-news/3941-42910-upward-trend-for-international-tourism.html

The Character of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays

The Character of Iago in Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No one has ever failed to appreciate the skilled art with which Shakespeare has defined the characters of his plays; great and small alike, their distinctiveness, their dignity, their misery, and their integrity are captured and displayed.   In particular the depiction of certain characters in Othello have been universally acclaimed.   Identified by many scholars as one of Shakespeare "great" tragedies, along with Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear, Othello follows a traditional tragic pattern, tracing the central character's fall from greatness and bringing together qualities of nobility with choices that lead to inevitable suffering. Othello is also one of Shakespeare's most emotionally compelling plays. The drive, with which the devastating series of events disentangle, creates a breathless sense of muddled chaos that mesmerizes viewers almost as much as it propels the characters.   In the course of Othello, we are exposed to a dramatic concepti on of Iago.   The evil contained within Othello is by no means paranormal or mythical, yet is represented by the character Iago and his voracious desire for revenge and constant deception.   Iago is disloyal, shrewd, and egotistical.   He uses these traits to his advantage by slowly planning his own conquest while watching the demise of others.   Although Iago is a perfect example of evil, a "hellish villain" creating an internalized beastlike rage, he is in fact a human wrapped with passion suffering from a distorted image of himself and others.    Evil has nowhere else been portrayed with such mastery as in the character of Iago.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iago is young, deceitful and a scoundrel from the start. He is keen and able to manipulat... ...ealed Through Dialogue." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p.: Random House, 1986.    Gardner, Helen. "Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from "The Noble Moor." British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. "The Engaging Qualities of Othello." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.   

3 Best Consumer Products Essay

There, without a doubt, have been amny amazing inventions throughout the past century. As a frequent user of many of these, including the television, personal computer, and DVD player, it took me a while to narrow it down to the three best. With that, I have concluded what I believe to be the three best consumer products of the past one-hundred years. Being the music fanatic that I am, I believe the CD, or compact disk, to be my favorite of the inventions. To begin with, the CD is much smaller, slimmer, and easier to store and carry than previous music devices, such as records and cassette tapes. Also, CDs are able to store so much music; up to ninety minutes on some disks. There are a few disadvantages to the CD as well. They must be handled very carefully so they are not scratched. Another disadvantage is that they are more costly than a cassette or record. The compact disk has become a major staple in most households today. Next would have to be the dishwasher. One of the things I love about the dishwasher is the immense amount of time it saves. Many dishes can be washed at once in the amount of time it would usually take to wash much less by hand. A disadvantage of the dishwasher would include pre-washing. Usually the dirty dishes need to be rinsed off thoroughly before being placed in the dishwasher, as sometimes it does not clean the dishes completely. Overall, I still consider the dishwasher to be a great product due to the busy, hectic lives of people of the twenty and twenty-first centuries. Lastly, as I am sure most would agree, would the be the cell phone. Cell phones are now so small and compact that they are able to fit most anywhere. They are a great thing to have in case of emergencies, as well. In the past few years, cell phones have evolved in so many ways to include such features as text messaging, cameras, and even the internet. With all of these features also comes expense. Cell phones can cost anywhere from thirty to thousands of dollars. Another downside cell phones would be that they are not always reliable. Depending on one’s location, cell phones are capable of losing service, which can be quite irritating. Despite the few disadvantages, I would still consider it to be the third greatest consumer product of the past century. Though all of the products I have listed could use a little improvement in some areas, I belive most would agree that the compact disk, dishwasher, and cell phone are three very wonderful products that have changed the lives of many. I believe those to be the three best consumer products of the past one-hundred years.

Should Cars Be Banned from City Centers?

H: today we need to discuss an interesting topic is â€Å"do you thginks cars should be banned from city centers. Do you agree or disagree? In my opinion, I think cars should not be banned because people might not be able to get to work. Its unfair that we can not use our cars in the city centre. People might not like going on buses to the city centre because teenagers might cause trouble. Or you might not be able to get a seat. Some people might not like going on buses because there sometimes dirty and they do not have seatbelts so you don’t feel safe on them. Where if you are in your car you feel safer. H . true, I afraid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. because I think that cars should be banned from the city centre because if they were the world would be a safer place and I would be able to go there with my family without having to panic about people attacking us. I feel that if there wasn’t any cars in the city centre it would become a more child friendly area making kids like me welcome there. It would make me happy and no doubt safe. I think they are more then a good idea because of their help to stop pollution helping to cure our world. For a better chance in life P :yes†¦. But sometimes u can be late because use public transport and spent a lot of time for wait H : I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦there is clearly an urgent need to cut pollution, this could be achieved by developing cleaner fuels and electrically powered cars, and encouraging people to use public transport where possible. P: yes,you win. easing our reliance on cars is a great idea

The stranger essays

The stranger essays "You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life." Albert Camus Life. This little four-letter word is so perplexing and difficult to define. Sure, Webster has its own definition. Yet, scholars and philosophers continue to search for its meaning and purpose. Others look towards religion and faith to guide them. Then on the other side there are existentialists. They believe in individual existence, freedom and choice. Because humans can make their own choices, existentialists think humans create their own nature. Likewise, the literary works of Albert Camus reflect this idea of existentialism. He shows how a man can accept the choices he made, appreciate the life he is given, realize the absurdity of life, keep his beliefs and prepare for death. In his novel, The Stranger, the protagonist, Meursault, experiences more freedom when confined in a prison than when he was living in the outside world. While awaiting death in a prison, the main character, Meursault took responsibility for the choices he made in life. As we know, throughout the novel, Meursault was passive; he was like a leaf being blown in different directions. For example, he made the conscious choice not to see his mother's body in the casket. Most people would want to pay their respects and see the body of their loved one for a last time. This wasn't the case with Meursault. The reason wasn't because he was too shocked or upset; he just didn't feel like it. This indifferent attitude was common in Meursault. "Then I felt like having a smoke. But I hesitated, because I didn't know if I could do it with Maman right there. I thought about it; it didn't matter" (8). Not only did he abandon the custom and not look at her body, he smoked and drank coffee near her casket. Another choice he made was to start a "relationship" with Marie. The day after he came back from his moth...